574
J
Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), 115
Joint Research Centre, 461
JPL, see Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL)
K
Kappa coefficient, 209, 274
Keck Institute for Space Studies, 11
Keystone, 52, 121
L
Land cover
change, 332, 460
remote sensing of, 470
use of radar and, 329
Land Process Distributed Active Archive
Center (LP DAAC), 245
Landsat, 49, 127–128, 140, 242, 271, 280,
320, 321, 323, 324, 331, 453, 457,
458, 469, 471, 475, 507, 520
assessing roads, 469
to assess land cover change, 460
to detect invasive alien species, 292
Landsat 5, 276, 323–324
Landsat 8, 84, 324, 454
Landsat 9, 145
Landsat ETM+, 276–278, 284–285
Landsat TM, 134, 277, 280, 285
Landsat TM/ETM+/OLI, 91
to monitor protected areas, 460
and stress detection, 140
LandSense, 454, 465
Land surface temperature (LST), 323
derivation from TIR data, 324
mapping, 234
Laser light sheet triangulation system, 316
Laser scanning, 85, 88–89, 455
Leaf
absorptance patterns, 354–355
biochemistry and energy
absorption, 364–368
cell wall constituents, 376
chemistry and physiology, 124
epidermis, 357–362
mesophyll, 361–377
index of refraction, 362–363
optical properties, 356–358
quantity and longevity, 124
reflectance patterns, 352–353
size, 123
water content, 64, 124, 371, 372
detecting, 58, 64, 93, 124, 135
Leaf area index (LAI), 176, 233, 473
deriving from LiDAR, 328
as representative of ecosystem
function, 216
Leaf economic spectrum (LES), 16, 18, 44,
125, 174
Leaf incorporating biochemistry exhibiting
reflectance and transmittance yields
(LIBERTY), 65
Leaf mass per area (LMA), 18, 376, 511
and nitrogen, 511
LEAFMOD, 65
LES, see Leaf economic spectrum (LES)
LIBERTY, see Leaf incorporating
biochemistry exhibiting reflectance
and transmittance yields
(LIBERTY)
Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR),
228, 325–329
and belowground processes, 182
data fusion, 135, 146, 294, 365–366, 457
to detect invasive alien species, 270,
276–278, 293
full-waveform, 70, 92
for measuring biophysical parameters, 32,
326, 469–472
multispectral, 146
to sense dust, 235
system types, 325
unmanned aerial systems, 317
Lignins, 178, 374
ecosystem characteristics associated
with, 506
estimating biodiversity from, 374
interaction with nitrogen, 178
Lithosphere
remote sensing of, 233
Livelihoods
inclusion in conservation, 462
LMA, see Leaf mass per area (LMA)
Location data
collecting, 409, 417
Long-term ecological research (LTER), 334
networks, 493
M
Machine learning, 99, 207, 276
to connect remote sensing to functional
traits, 64
for detecting aquatic invasive alien
species, 283
for forest management, 143
Macroalgae, 283, 286
Index
J
Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), 115
Joint Research Centre, 461
JPL, see Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL)
K
Kappa coefficient, 209, 274
Keck Institute for Space Studies, 11
Keystone, 52, 121
L
Land cover
change, 332, 460
remote sensing of, 470
use of radar and, 329
Land Process Distributed Active Archive
Center (LP DAAC), 245
Landsat, 49, 127–128, 140, 242, 271, 280,
320, 321, 323, 324, 331, 453, 457,
458, 469, 471, 475, 507, 520
assessing roads, 469
to assess land cover change, 460
to detect invasive alien species, 292
Landsat 5, 276, 323–324
Landsat 8, 84, 324, 454
Landsat 9, 145
Landsat ETM+, 276–278, 284–285
Landsat TM, 134, 277, 280, 285
Landsat TM/ETM+/OLI, 91
to monitor protected areas, 460
and stress detection, 140
LandSense, 454, 465
Land surface temperature (LST), 323
derivation from TIR data, 324
mapping, 234
Laser light sheet triangulation system, 316
Laser scanning, 85, 88–89, 455
Leaf
absorptance patterns, 354–355
biochemistry and energy
absorption, 364–368
cell wall constituents, 376
chemistry and physiology, 124
epidermis, 357–362
mesophyll, 361–377
index of refraction, 362–363
optical properties, 356–358
quantity and longevity, 124
reflectance patterns, 352–353
size, 123
water content, 64, 124, 371, 372
detecting, 58, 64, 93, 124, 135
Leaf area index (LAI), 176, 233, 473
deriving from LiDAR, 328
as representative of ecosystem
function, 216
Leaf economic spectrum (LES), 16, 18, 44,
125, 174
Leaf incorporating biochemistry exhibiting
reflectance and transmittance yields
(LIBERTY), 65
Leaf mass per area (LMA), 18, 376, 511
and nitrogen, 511
LEAFMOD, 65
LES, see Leaf economic spectrum (LES)
LIBERTY, see Leaf incorporating
biochemistry exhibiting reflectance
and transmittance yields
(LIBERTY)
Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR),
228, 325–329
and belowground processes, 182
data fusion, 135, 146, 294, 365–366, 457
to detect invasive alien species, 270,
276–278, 293
full-waveform, 70, 92
for measuring biophysical parameters, 32,
326, 469–472
multispectral, 146
to sense dust, 235
system types, 325
unmanned aerial systems, 317
Lignins, 178, 374
ecosystem characteristics associated
with, 506
estimating biodiversity from, 374
interaction with nitrogen, 178
Lithosphere
remote sensing of, 233
Livelihoods
inclusion in conservation, 462
LMA, see Leaf mass per area (LMA)
Location data
collecting, 409, 417
Long-term ecological research (LTER), 334
networks, 493
M
Machine learning, 99, 207, 276
to connect remote sensing to functional
traits, 64
for detecting aquatic invasive alien
species, 283
for forest management, 143
Macroalgae, 283, 286
Index