572
Functional richness (FRic), 25, 27
computation of, 95–96
Functional traits, 43–70
difficulty of characterizing, 45–46
empirical approaches to link to
spectra, 60–64
and the leaf economic spectrum, 18
mapping, 52–56, 218
observable by remote sensing, 505
signatures, 67, 108, 113
spectral properties of, 107
use of remote sensing to characterize, 46
Fungi
in belowground decomposition,
174–175, 178–179
Fusion, 277, 293–294, 471–473
Future Earth, 11
Fuzzy accuracy, 140
G
GA, see Genetic algorithm (GA)
Gamma diversity, 24, 26, 239–241
Genetic algorithm (GA), 64
GEO, see Group on Earth Observations (GEO)
Geodiversity, 8–9, 225–245, 442
and biodiversity, 242
elements of (table), 230
index, 228–229
remote sensing of, 229
and tree diversity, 31, 239–241
GeoEye, 320
Geographic information system (GIS), 233,
387, 396–397, 407, 462
Geologic map, 233–234
Geometric correction, 417, 471
Geometric-optical radiative transfer
(GORT), 84
Geomorphons Software, 245
Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS),
230, 231, 237, 326
Geospatial Data Abstraction Library
(GDAL), 231
GEOSS Data Management Principles, 495
Geostationary sensors, 134
Geostatistics, 404–405
GF-5 Hyperspectral Imager, 452
Global biodiversity index, 322
Global Biodiversity Information Facility
(GBIF), 238, 524
Global Biodiversity Observatory, 4, 217, 238
Global change, 19, 35, 242, 268, 293, 386
Global Change Experimental Facility
(GCEF), 312
Global Earth Observation System of Systems
(GEOSS), 495
Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation
(GEDI), 233, 497
Global environmental change, see
Global change
Global Forest Watch, 461
Global Invasive Species Database (GISD), 269
Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), 317
Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS), 489
Global Plant Phenology Data Portal, 493
Global Positioning System (GPS), 325
Global Precipitation Measurement mission
(GPM), 230, 235, 243
Global Register of Introduced and Invasive
Species (GRIIS), 269
Global sensor network, 316
Global Surface Water Explorer, 461
Goddard’s LiDAR, Hyperspectral and Thermal
Imager (G-LiHT), 146
GlobDiversity, 99
GOES-R series, 134
Google Earth, 142
Google Earth Engine, 146, 521
GORT, see Geometric-optical radiative
transfer (GORT)
G-POD, see Grid Processing on
Demand (G-POD)
Gradient models (GM), 470
Grassland ecology experiments, 316
Grassland ecosystems
UAS and, 317
Grasslands
remote sensing of invasive alien
species in, 279
Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment’s
(GRACE), 230, 232, 236
Greenhouse gas regulation, 451
Grid Processing on Demand (G-POD), 146
Ground-based remote sensing, 87, 89, 234,
328, 385–386, 441
Ground data
need for, 385–386, 462
Ground-penetrating radar (GPR), see Radar
Ground reference data
collection, 416–418
Ground validation, 126
Groundwater
remote sensing of, 233, 236
Group on Earth Observations (GEO), 489,
495, 519
Group on Earth Observations Biodiversity
Observation Network (GEO BON),
vi, 238, 495, 519, 521–525
Index
Functional richness (FRic), 25, 27
computation of, 95–96
Functional traits, 43–70
difficulty of characterizing, 45–46
empirical approaches to link to
spectra, 60–64
and the leaf economic spectrum, 18
mapping, 52–56, 218
observable by remote sensing, 505
signatures, 67, 108, 113
spectral properties of, 107
use of remote sensing to characterize, 46
Fungi
in belowground decomposition,
174–175, 178–179
Fusion, 277, 293–294, 471–473
Future Earth, 11
Fuzzy accuracy, 140
G
GA, see Genetic algorithm (GA)
Gamma diversity, 24, 26, 239–241
Genetic algorithm (GA), 64
GEO, see Group on Earth Observations (GEO)
Geodiversity, 8–9, 225–245, 442
and biodiversity, 242
elements of (table), 230
index, 228–229
remote sensing of, 229
and tree diversity, 31, 239–241
GeoEye, 320
Geographic information system (GIS), 233,
387, 396–397, 407, 462
Geologic map, 233–234
Geometric correction, 417, 471
Geometric-optical radiative transfer
(GORT), 84
Geomorphons Software, 245
Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS),
230, 231, 237, 326
Geospatial Data Abstraction Library
(GDAL), 231
GEOSS Data Management Principles, 495
Geostationary sensors, 134
Geostatistics, 404–405
GF-5 Hyperspectral Imager, 452
Global biodiversity index, 322
Global Biodiversity Information Facility
(GBIF), 238, 524
Global Biodiversity Observatory, 4, 217, 238
Global change, 19, 35, 242, 268, 293, 386
Global Change Experimental Facility
(GCEF), 312
Global Earth Observation System of Systems
(GEOSS), 495
Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation
(GEDI), 233, 497
Global environmental change, see
Global change
Global Forest Watch, 461
Global Invasive Species Database (GISD), 269
Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), 317
Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS), 489
Global Plant Phenology Data Portal, 493
Global Positioning System (GPS), 325
Global Precipitation Measurement mission
(GPM), 230, 235, 243
Global Register of Introduced and Invasive
Species (GRIIS), 269
Global sensor network, 316
Global Surface Water Explorer, 461
Goddard’s LiDAR, Hyperspectral and Thermal
Imager (G-LiHT), 146
GlobDiversity, 99
GOES-R series, 134
Google Earth, 142
Google Earth Engine, 146, 521
GORT, see Geometric-optical radiative
transfer (GORT)
G-POD, see Grid Processing on
Demand (G-POD)
Gradient models (GM), 470
Grassland ecology experiments, 316
Grassland ecosystems
UAS and, 317
Grasslands
remote sensing of invasive alien
species in, 279
Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment’s
(GRACE), 230, 232, 236
Greenhouse gas regulation, 451
Grid Processing on Demand (G-POD), 146
Ground-based remote sensing, 87, 89, 234,
328, 385–386, 441
Ground data
need for, 385–386, 462
Ground-penetrating radar (GPR), see Radar
Ground reference data
collection, 416–418
Ground validation, 126
Groundwater
remote sensing of, 233, 236
Group on Earth Observations (GEO), 489,
495, 519
Group on Earth Observations Biodiversity
Observation Network (GEO BON),
vi, 238, 495, 519, 521–525
Index