377
random effects–analysis of variance, and discriminant function analysis (Asner and
Martin 2011; Asner et al. 2014b). Newer methods include Gaussian methods and
various types of deep learning (Eches et al. 2011; Verrelst et al. 2012; Bazi et al.
2014; Sun et al. 2015) Some authors also combine leaf and canopy radiative transfer
models with empirical models (e.g., Asner et al. 2014a, b; Gatellu-Etchegorry and
Bruniquel-Pinel 2001). Féret et al. (2008), in developing PROSPECT 5, modified
the specific absorption coefficient shown in Fig. 14.16 for dry matter (a composite
representing the chemistry of dry leaves) based on a spectrum from Frederic Baret
(CNES, unpublished) that Jacquemoud et al. (2009) tested against 245 dry leaves in
the LOPEX93 database (Hosgood et al. 1995).
14.11 Conclusion
Researchers have sought to understand the optical properties of plant leaves for the
past century or more. Great strides have been made in recent years, but much
remains to be resolved before the full chemistry of leaves can routinely be determined from spectroscopy. This is a period of dynamic growth, at least partially
because of the interdisciplinary research community— spanning physics, engineering, botany, ecology, RS, statistics, computer science, and modeling— that is interested in solving these problems. Much of the current interest originates from a
desire to accurately quantify climate change impacts on global ecosystems, better
understand global biodiversity patterns and their functional traits, find ways to monitor changes in global biodiversity, understand sustainability of production of natural and agricultural ecosystems, and better understand global biogeochemical
cycles, specifically the C, N, and water budgets. Based on the number of papers
estimating biodiversity and the methods applied, it is clear this is an active area of
Fig. 14.16 Composite
absorption coefficient for
dry leaf chemistry used in
the PROSPECT 4 and 5
model that was modified
from earlier PROSPECT
versions. Jacquemoud et al.
(2000) and Féret et al.
(2008), with permission
from Elsevier
14 How the Optical Properties of Leaves Modify the Absorption and Scattering…
random effects–analysis of variance, and discriminant function analysis (Asner and
Martin 2011; Asner et al. 2014b). Newer methods include Gaussian methods and
various types of deep learning (Eches et al. 2011; Verrelst et al. 2012; Bazi et al.
2014; Sun et al. 2015) Some authors also combine leaf and canopy radiative transfer
models with empirical models (e.g., Asner et al. 2014a, b; Gatellu-Etchegorry and
Bruniquel-Pinel 2001). Féret et al. (2008), in developing PROSPECT 5, modified
the specific absorption coefficient shown in Fig. 14.16 for dry matter (a composite
representing the chemistry of dry leaves) based on a spectrum from Frederic Baret
(CNES, unpublished) that Jacquemoud et al. (2009) tested against 245 dry leaves in
the LOPEX93 database (Hosgood et al. 1995).
14.11 Conclusion
Researchers have sought to understand the optical properties of plant leaves for the
past century or more. Great strides have been made in recent years, but much
remains to be resolved before the full chemistry of leaves can routinely be determined from spectroscopy. This is a period of dynamic growth, at least partially
because of the interdisciplinary research community— spanning physics, engineering, botany, ecology, RS, statistics, computer science, and modeling— that is interested in solving these problems. Much of the current interest originates from a
desire to accurately quantify climate change impacts on global ecosystems, better
understand global biodiversity patterns and their functional traits, find ways to monitor changes in global biodiversity, understand sustainability of production of natural and agricultural ecosystems, and better understand global biogeochemical
cycles, specifically the C, N, and water budgets. Based on the number of papers
estimating biodiversity and the methods applied, it is clear this is an active area of
Fig. 14.16 Composite
absorption coefficient for
dry leaf chemistry used in
the PROSPECT 4 and 5
model that was modified
from earlier PROSPECT
versions. Jacquemoud et al.
(2000) and Féret et al.
(2008), with permission
from Elsevier
14 How the Optical Properties of Leaves Modify the Absorption and Scattering…