F
Field-flow fractionation (FFF)
accumulation wall, 148
advantages of, 148
commercial techniques, 150
experimental conditions, 151
focusing flow, 152, 153
HDPE vs. LDPE, 154
HT-AF4 variation, 151
induced field and counteracting
diffusion, 148, 149
molecular size, 151
narrow ribbon-like channel, 148
polyolefin analysis, HT-AF4
branched UHM PEs (see Branched
UHM PEs, HT-AF4)
SEC of UHM samples, problems
associated, 155
thermo-oxidative degradation
(see Thermo-oxidative degradation,
HT-AF4)
retention parameter, 149, 150
solvent preparation, 151
spacer, 148
Flory–Huggins statistical thermodynamic
treatment, 11
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
(FTIR), 6
H
HDPE and LDPE
CRYSTAF, PE/PP blend analysis, 56–59
field-flow fractionation, 154
High performance liquid chromatography
(HPLC), 91
High temperature-high performance liquid
chromatography (HT-HPLC), 91
EMA copolymer analysis
aim, 96
equipment, 96–97
materials, 96
measurement and evaluation, 98–101
preparatory investigations, 97–98
ethylene-propylene copolymer separation
aim, 101–102
equipment, 102
materials, 102
measurement and evaluation, 104–107
preparatory investigations, 103–104
PE-PP blend analysis
ethyleneglycol monobutylether
(EGMBE)-TCB, 93
EVA copolymer separation, 93–95
high molar mass polymer recovery, 92
Hypercarb, 95
isocratic system, 91
mobile phase composition, 93, 94
Polymer Char SGIC 2D instrument, 93
polymer laboratories instrument, 92–93
sample preparation and injection, 92
High temperature thermal gradient interaction
chromatography (HT-TGIC), 7
I
Impact polypropylene copolymers (IPCs)
advantages of, 25
aim, 26
characterization of, 26
DSC, 26
equipment, 26–27
materials, 26
production procedure, 25
sequential polymerization, 25–26
TREF fractionation
‘blocky’ copolymers, 28
comonomer contents, 28, 29
isotacticity, 28, 30
monomer sequence distributions, 28, 29
principle, 27–28
SEC-FTIR analysis, 30–35
weight distribution and fraction, 27, 28
L
Linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE), 3, 4
CRYSTAF analysis, 52–53
molecular population, 3, 4
SEC-FTIR analysis, 83
short chain branching, 3
structure–property relationships, 18
TREF analysis, IR detector, 17
Liquid chromatography (LC), 7
M
Mark–Houwink plot, 81–82
Multidetector size exclusion chromatography
branching analysis, SEC-FTIR
chemical compositions, 82
compositional heterogeneity, 83
ethylene-1-hexene resins, 83–84
ethylene-propylene-diene rubbers, 84
LC-FTIR, 82–83
LC-transform system, 84
176
Index
Field-flow fractionation (FFF)
accumulation wall, 148
advantages of, 148
commercial techniques, 150
experimental conditions, 151
focusing flow, 152, 153
HDPE vs. LDPE, 154
HT-AF4 variation, 151
induced field and counteracting
diffusion, 148, 149
molecular size, 151
narrow ribbon-like channel, 148
polyolefin analysis, HT-AF4
branched UHM PEs (see Branched
UHM PEs, HT-AF4)
SEC of UHM samples, problems
associated, 155
thermo-oxidative degradation
(see Thermo-oxidative degradation,
HT-AF4)
retention parameter, 149, 150
solvent preparation, 151
spacer, 148
Flory–Huggins statistical thermodynamic
treatment, 11
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
(FTIR), 6
H
HDPE and LDPE
CRYSTAF, PE/PP blend analysis, 56–59
field-flow fractionation, 154
High performance liquid chromatography
(HPLC), 91
High temperature-high performance liquid
chromatography (HT-HPLC), 91
EMA copolymer analysis
aim, 96
equipment, 96–97
materials, 96
measurement and evaluation, 98–101
preparatory investigations, 97–98
ethylene-propylene copolymer separation
aim, 101–102
equipment, 102
materials, 102
measurement and evaluation, 104–107
preparatory investigations, 103–104
PE-PP blend analysis
ethyleneglycol monobutylether
(EGMBE)-TCB, 93
EVA copolymer separation, 93–95
high molar mass polymer recovery, 92
Hypercarb, 95
isocratic system, 91
mobile phase composition, 93, 94
Polymer Char SGIC 2D instrument, 93
polymer laboratories instrument, 92–93
sample preparation and injection, 92
High temperature thermal gradient interaction
chromatography (HT-TGIC), 7
I
Impact polypropylene copolymers (IPCs)
advantages of, 25
aim, 26
characterization of, 26
DSC, 26
equipment, 26–27
materials, 26
production procedure, 25
sequential polymerization, 25–26
TREF fractionation
‘blocky’ copolymers, 28
comonomer contents, 28, 29
isotacticity, 28, 30
monomer sequence distributions, 28, 29
principle, 27–28
SEC-FTIR analysis, 30–35
weight distribution and fraction, 27, 28
L
Linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE), 3, 4
CRYSTAF analysis, 52–53
molecular population, 3, 4
SEC-FTIR analysis, 83
short chain branching, 3
structure–property relationships, 18
TREF analysis, IR detector, 17
Liquid chromatography (LC), 7
M
Mark–Houwink plot, 81–82
Multidetector size exclusion chromatography
branching analysis, SEC-FTIR
chemical compositions, 82
compositional heterogeneity, 83
ethylene-1-hexene resins, 83–84
ethylene-propylene-diene rubbers, 84
LC-FTIR, 82–83
LC-transform system, 84
176
Index