sensitivity, 85
signal-to-noise ratio, 83
thermo-oxidative degradation, 84–85
high boiling point solvents, 76
HT-SEC-NMR method
aim, 85
blend analysis, 87–89
equipments, 86–87
materials, 85–86
PE-PMMA copolymer, 89–91
molar mass analysis, SEC-RI-MALLS
aim and materials, 80
copolymer RI increments, 80
detector response, 78–79
equipment, 80
Mark–Houwink plot, 81–82
multi-angle LS instrument, 79–80
multidetector systems, 78
optical constant, 79
preparatory investigations, 80–81
molar mass-sensitive detectors, 77, 78
operating conditions, 76–77
primary and secondary information, 77
stationary phases, 77
thermo-oxidative degradation, 77
P
Polyethylene/polypropylene (PE/PP)
blend analysis
aim, 54
CRYSTAF
aim, 54
CRYSTAF analysis, 55–57
DSC analysis, 53, 55, 56
equipment, 54
HDPE and LDPE, 56–59
materials, 54
preparatory investigations, 54–55
CRYSTAF analysis, 55–57
DSC analysis, 53, 55, 56
equipment, 54
HDPE and LDPE, 56–59
HT-HPLC
ethyleneglycol monobutylether
(EGMBE)-TCB, 93
EVA copolymer separation, 93–95
high molar mass polymer recovery, 92
Hypercarb, 95
isocratic system, 91
mobile phase composition, 93, 94
Polymer Char SGIC 2D instrument, 93
polymer laboratories instrument, 92–93
sample preparation and injection, 92
materials, 54
preparatory investigations, 54–55
Polymer Char SGIC 2D instrument, 93
Polyolefins
advantages, 2
analytical methods
13
C-NMR spectroscopy, 6
crystallization elution fractionation, 6
differential scanning calorimetry, 6
drawbacks, 6
FTIR spectroscopy, 6
HT-TGIC, 7
Hypercarb stationary phase, 7
HyperDSC, 7
liquid chromatography, 7
MMD and CCD, 5, 7
SCALLS, 6
TREF and CRYSTAF, 5–6
future aspects, 173–174
molecular heterogeneity
chain order disruption, 5
configurational isomerism, 2
high density polyethylene, 2
isotactic polypropylene, 3, 4
LLDPE molecular population, 3, 4
long chain branching, 3
MMD and CCD curve, 3, 4
short chain branching, 3
syndiotactic polypropylene, 3, 4
Ziegler catalyst, 3
properties, 1
S
Size exclusion chromatography (SEC)
branched UHM PEs, HT-AF4, 155
FFF, 155
FTIR analysis
LLDPE, 83
TREF fractionation, IPCs, 30–35
multidetector SEC (see Multidetector size
exclusion chromatography)
TREF advantages, 122
TREF approach, 19, 20
Solution crystallization analysis by laser
light scattering (SCALLS), 6
Solvent gradient interaction chromatography
(SGIC)
1-alkene copolymers analysis
aim and materials, 107, 108
equipment, 107
measurement and evaluation, 109–113
Index
177
signal-to-noise ratio, 83
thermo-oxidative degradation, 84–85
high boiling point solvents, 76
HT-SEC-NMR method
aim, 85
blend analysis, 87–89
equipments, 86–87
materials, 85–86
PE-PMMA copolymer, 89–91
molar mass analysis, SEC-RI-MALLS
aim and materials, 80
copolymer RI increments, 80
detector response, 78–79
equipment, 80
Mark–Houwink plot, 81–82
multi-angle LS instrument, 79–80
multidetector systems, 78
optical constant, 79
preparatory investigations, 80–81
molar mass-sensitive detectors, 77, 78
operating conditions, 76–77
primary and secondary information, 77
stationary phases, 77
thermo-oxidative degradation, 77
P
Polyethylene/polypropylene (PE/PP)
blend analysis
aim, 54
CRYSTAF
aim, 54
CRYSTAF analysis, 55–57
DSC analysis, 53, 55, 56
equipment, 54
HDPE and LDPE, 56–59
materials, 54
preparatory investigations, 54–55
CRYSTAF analysis, 55–57
DSC analysis, 53, 55, 56
equipment, 54
HDPE and LDPE, 56–59
HT-HPLC
ethyleneglycol monobutylether
(EGMBE)-TCB, 93
EVA copolymer separation, 93–95
high molar mass polymer recovery, 92
Hypercarb, 95
isocratic system, 91
mobile phase composition, 93, 94
Polymer Char SGIC 2D instrument, 93
polymer laboratories instrument, 92–93
sample preparation and injection, 92
materials, 54
preparatory investigations, 54–55
Polymer Char SGIC 2D instrument, 93
Polyolefins
advantages, 2
analytical methods
13
C-NMR spectroscopy, 6
crystallization elution fractionation, 6
differential scanning calorimetry, 6
drawbacks, 6
FTIR spectroscopy, 6
HT-TGIC, 7
Hypercarb stationary phase, 7
HyperDSC, 7
liquid chromatography, 7
MMD and CCD, 5, 7
SCALLS, 6
TREF and CRYSTAF, 5–6
future aspects, 173–174
molecular heterogeneity
chain order disruption, 5
configurational isomerism, 2
high density polyethylene, 2
isotactic polypropylene, 3, 4
LLDPE molecular population, 3, 4
long chain branching, 3
MMD and CCD curve, 3, 4
short chain branching, 3
syndiotactic polypropylene, 3, 4
Ziegler catalyst, 3
properties, 1
S
Size exclusion chromatography (SEC)
branched UHM PEs, HT-AF4, 155
FFF, 155
FTIR analysis
LLDPE, 83
TREF fractionation, IPCs, 30–35
multidetector SEC (see Multidetector size
exclusion chromatography)
TREF advantages, 122
TREF approach, 19, 20
Solution crystallization analysis by laser
light scattering (SCALLS), 6
Solvent gradient interaction chromatography
(SGIC)
1-alkene copolymers analysis
aim and materials, 107, 108
equipment, 107
measurement and evaluation, 109–113
Index
177