Table 4.1 Summary of duckweed cytogenetic features in relation to evolution, development and diversity
Species
Degree of
primitivity
b
Chromosome
number (2n)
c
Genome size
(Mbp/1C)
d
Frond width
(mm)
e
Continental
distribution
f
Spirodela
S. intermedia
69–71
30/36
(20)
154–162
2–9
S A
S. polyrhiza
66–68
40
(30, 38, 50, 80)
150–165
1.5–8
W W –AN
Landoltia
L. punctata
55–60
40/46
(50)
372–427
1–5
AS (WW–AN)
Lemna
L. aequinoctialis 30–32
40/42
(20, 50, 60, 70,
80, 84)
424–760
0.8–4.5
WW–AN
L. perpusilla
31–33
40/42
0.8–3
N A
L. tenera
27–29
1.2–3
A S
L. disperma
43–45
40/44
0.6–3
O C
L. gibba
46–49
40/42
(44, 50, 60, 64,
70, 80, 84)
440–486
0.8–6
W W –AN, OC
L. japonica
39–41
40/63
(50)
426–600
0.6–4
A S
L. minor
39–41
40/42
(20, 30, 50, 63,
126)
356–604
0.6–7
W W –AN, (OC)
L. obscura
38–40
40/42
(50)
487
0.7–3
NA, SA
L. trisulca
34–36
40/42
(20, 44, 60, 63,
80)
446–709
1–5
W W –AN, OC,
SA
L. turionifera
38–40
40/42
(50, 80)
0.8–3.5
NA, AS
L. minuta
26–28
40/42
(36)
0.5–2.5
SA (EU, AS)
L. valdiviana
26–28
40/42
323
0.6–3
NA, SA
L. yungensis
a
26–28?
1.5–4
S A
Wolffiella
W. caudata
8–13?
2–5
S A
W. denticulata
8–9
4 0
(20)
0.3–0.8
AF
W. gladiata
8–9
40/42
623
0.25–0.8
NA
W. lingulata
9–11
40/42
(20, 42, 50)
629–655
0.8–5
S A
W. neotropica
11–13
40
1–5.5
SA
W. oblonga
8–10
40/42
(70)
0.4–2.5
SA, AF
W. welwitschii
9–11
40
2.5–5
SA, AF
W. rotunda
10
1–3
A F
W. hyalina
9–10
40
894–973
0.8–2
AF (AS)
W. repanda
8–9
0.4–1.2
AF
Wolffia
W. australiana
6
4 0
(20)
357–375
0.3–0.8
OC
W. borealis
8–9
4 0
(20, 22, 30)
889
0.5–1
N A
W. brasiliensis
8–9
4 0
(20, 42, 50, 60, 80)
776
0.7–1.5
SA, NA
W. microscopica 6–7
4 0
(35, 42, 70, 80)
0.3–0.8
SA
W. angusta
4
40
0.2–0.4
OC, AS
(continued)
4 Cytogenetics, Epigenetics and Karyotype Evolution of Duckweeds
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