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136. Lai, E. S., Huang, N. F., Cooke, J. P., & Fuller, G. G. (2012). Aligned nanofibrillar collagen
regulates endothelial organization and migration. Regenerative Medicine, 7(5), 649–661.
137. Landman, K. A., & Cai, A. Q. (2007). Cell proliferation and oxygen diffusion in a vascularising scaffold. Bulletin of Mathematical Biology, 69(7), 2405–2428.
138. Langer, R., & Tirrell, D. A. (2004). Designing materials for biology and medicine. Nature,
428(6982), 487–492.
139. Lanza, V. A., Ambrosi, D., & Preziosi, L. (2006). Exogenous control of vascular network formation in vitro: A mathematical model. Networks and Heterogeneous Media, 1(4), 621–638.
140. Lee, S. W., Jeong, H. K., Lee, J. Y., Yang, J., Lee, E. J., Kim, S. Y., et al. (2012). Hypoxic
priming of mESCs accelerates vascular-lineage differentiation through HIF1-mediated
inverse regulation of Oct4 and VEGF. EMBO Molecular Medicine, 4(9), 924–938.
141. Lee, Y. M., Jeong, C. H., Koo, S. Y., Son, M. J., Song, H. S., Bae, S. K., et al. (2001).
Determination of hypoxic region by hypoxia marker in developing mouse embryos in vivo: A
possible signal for vessel development. Developmental Dynamics, 220(2), 175–186.
142. Levenberg, S., Rouwkema, J., Macdonald, M., Garfein, E. S., Kohane, D. S., Darland, D. C.,
et al. (2005). Engineering vascularized skeletal muscle tissue. Nature Biotechnology, 23(7),
879–884.
143. Lewis, D. M., Park, K. M., Tang, V., Xu, Y., Pak, K., Eisinger-Mathason, T. S. K., et al.
(2016). Intratumoral oxygen gradients mediate sarcoma cell invasion. Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences, 113, 9292–9297.
144. Lewis, D. M., Blatchley, M. R., Park, K. M., & Gerecht, S. (2017). O-2-controllable hydrogels for studying cellular responses to hypoxic gradients in three dimensions in vitro and in
vivo. Nature Protocols, 12(8), 1620–1638.
145. Lewis, M. C., Macarthur, B. D., Malda, J., Pettet, G., & Please, C. P. (2005). Heterogeneous
proliferation within engineered cartilaginous tissue: The role of oxygen tension. Biotechnology
and Bioengineering, 91(5), 607–615.
146. Li, C., Issa, R., Kumar, P., Hampson, I. N., Lopez-Novoa, J. M., Bernabeu, C., et al. (2003).
CD105 prevents apoptosis in hypoxic endothelial cells. Journal of Cell Science, 116(Pt 13),
2677–2685.
147. Li, S. R., Nih, L. R., Bachman, H., Fei, P., Li, Y. L., Nam, E., et al. (2017). Hydrogels with
precisely controlled integrin activation dictate vascular patterning and permeability. Nature
Materials, 16(9), 953.
148. Limper, A. H., & Roman, J. (1992). Fibronectin. A versatile matrix protein with roles in thoracic development, repair and infection. Chest, 101(6), 1663–1673.
149. Lubarsky, B., & Krasnow, M. A. (2003). Tube morphogenesis: Making and shaping biological tubes. Cell, 112(1), 19–28.
150. Lucitti, J. L., Jones, E. A., Huang, C., Chen, J., Fraser, S. E., & Dickinson, M. E. (2007).
Vascular remodeling of the mouse yolk sac requires hemodynamic force. Development,
134(18), 3317–3326.
151. Lutolf, M. P. (2009). Biomaterials: Spotlight on hydrogels. Nature Materials, 8(6), 451–453.
152. Lutolf, M. P., & Hubbell, J. A. (2005). Synthetic biomaterials as instructive extracellular
microenvironments for morphogenesis in tissue engineering. Nature Biotechnology, 23(1),
47–55.
153. Lutolf, M. P., Lauer-Fields, J. L., Schmoekel, H. G., Metters, A. T., Weber, F. E., Fields, G.
B., et al. (2003). Synthetic matrix metalloproteinase-sensitive hydrogels for the conduction
of tissue regeneration: Engineering cell-invasion characteristics. Proceedings of the National
Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 100(9), 5413–5418.
154. Lyons, T. W., Reinhard, C. T., & Planavsky, N. J. (2014). The rise of oxygen in Earth’s early
ocean and atmosphere. Nature, 506(7488), 307–315.
155. Ma, T., Grayson, W. L., Frohlich, M., & Vunjak-Novakovic, G. (2009). Hypoxia and stem
cell-based engineering of mesenchymal tissues. Biotechnology Progress, 25(1), 32–42.
156. Maltepe, E., & Simon, M. C. (1998). Oxygen, genes, and development: An analysis of the
role of hypoxic gene regulation during murine vascular development. Journal of Molecular
Medicine, 76(6), 391–401.
M. R. Blatchley et al.
136. Lai, E. S., Huang, N. F., Cooke, J. P., & Fuller, G. G. (2012). Aligned nanofibrillar collagen
regulates endothelial organization and migration. Regenerative Medicine, 7(5), 649–661.
137. Landman, K. A., & Cai, A. Q. (2007). Cell proliferation and oxygen diffusion in a vascularising scaffold. Bulletin of Mathematical Biology, 69(7), 2405–2428.
138. Langer, R., & Tirrell, D. A. (2004). Designing materials for biology and medicine. Nature,
428(6982), 487–492.
139. Lanza, V. A., Ambrosi, D., & Preziosi, L. (2006). Exogenous control of vascular network formation in vitro: A mathematical model. Networks and Heterogeneous Media, 1(4), 621–638.
140. Lee, S. W., Jeong, H. K., Lee, J. Y., Yang, J., Lee, E. J., Kim, S. Y., et al. (2012). Hypoxic
priming of mESCs accelerates vascular-lineage differentiation through HIF1-mediated
inverse regulation of Oct4 and VEGF. EMBO Molecular Medicine, 4(9), 924–938.
141. Lee, Y. M., Jeong, C. H., Koo, S. Y., Son, M. J., Song, H. S., Bae, S. K., et al. (2001).
Determination of hypoxic region by hypoxia marker in developing mouse embryos in vivo: A
possible signal for vessel development. Developmental Dynamics, 220(2), 175–186.
142. Levenberg, S., Rouwkema, J., Macdonald, M., Garfein, E. S., Kohane, D. S., Darland, D. C.,
et al. (2005). Engineering vascularized skeletal muscle tissue. Nature Biotechnology, 23(7),
879–884.
143. Lewis, D. M., Park, K. M., Tang, V., Xu, Y., Pak, K., Eisinger-Mathason, T. S. K., et al.
(2016). Intratumoral oxygen gradients mediate sarcoma cell invasion. Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences, 113, 9292–9297.
144. Lewis, D. M., Blatchley, M. R., Park, K. M., & Gerecht, S. (2017). O-2-controllable hydrogels for studying cellular responses to hypoxic gradients in three dimensions in vitro and in
vivo. Nature Protocols, 12(8), 1620–1638.
145. Lewis, M. C., Macarthur, B. D., Malda, J., Pettet, G., & Please, C. P. (2005). Heterogeneous
proliferation within engineered cartilaginous tissue: The role of oxygen tension. Biotechnology
and Bioengineering, 91(5), 607–615.
146. Li, C., Issa, R., Kumar, P., Hampson, I. N., Lopez-Novoa, J. M., Bernabeu, C., et al. (2003).
CD105 prevents apoptosis in hypoxic endothelial cells. Journal of Cell Science, 116(Pt 13),
2677–2685.
147. Li, S. R., Nih, L. R., Bachman, H., Fei, P., Li, Y. L., Nam, E., et al. (2017). Hydrogels with
precisely controlled integrin activation dictate vascular patterning and permeability. Nature
Materials, 16(9), 953.
148. Limper, A. H., & Roman, J. (1992). Fibronectin. A versatile matrix protein with roles in thoracic development, repair and infection. Chest, 101(6), 1663–1673.
149. Lubarsky, B., & Krasnow, M. A. (2003). Tube morphogenesis: Making and shaping biological tubes. Cell, 112(1), 19–28.
150. Lucitti, J. L., Jones, E. A., Huang, C., Chen, J., Fraser, S. E., & Dickinson, M. E. (2007).
Vascular remodeling of the mouse yolk sac requires hemodynamic force. Development,
134(18), 3317–3326.
151. Lutolf, M. P. (2009). Biomaterials: Spotlight on hydrogels. Nature Materials, 8(6), 451–453.
152. Lutolf, M. P., & Hubbell, J. A. (2005). Synthetic biomaterials as instructive extracellular
microenvironments for morphogenesis in tissue engineering. Nature Biotechnology, 23(1),
47–55.
153. Lutolf, M. P., Lauer-Fields, J. L., Schmoekel, H. G., Metters, A. T., Weber, F. E., Fields, G.
B., et al. (2003). Synthetic matrix metalloproteinase-sensitive hydrogels for the conduction
of tissue regeneration: Engineering cell-invasion characteristics. Proceedings of the National
Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 100(9), 5413–5418.
154. Lyons, T. W., Reinhard, C. T., & Planavsky, N. J. (2014). The rise of oxygen in Earth’s early
ocean and atmosphere. Nature, 506(7488), 307–315.
155. Ma, T., Grayson, W. L., Frohlich, M., & Vunjak-Novakovic, G. (2009). Hypoxia and stem
cell-based engineering of mesenchymal tissues. Biotechnology Progress, 25(1), 32–42.
156. Maltepe, E., & Simon, M. C. (1998). Oxygen, genes, and development: An analysis of the
role of hypoxic gene regulation during murine vascular development. Journal of Molecular
Medicine, 76(6), 391–401.
M. R. Blatchley et al.