70. C. Hoffmann et al., Disclosure of the mycobacterial outer membrane: Cryo-electron
tomography and vitreous sections reveal the lipid bilayer structure. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.
S.A. 105(10), 3963–3967 (2008)
71. B. Zuber et al., Direct visualization of the outer membrane of mycobacteria and
corynebacteria in their native state. J. Bacteriol. 190(16), 5672–5680 (2008)
72. P.K. Luther, Sample shrinkage and radiation damage of plastic sections, in Electron
Tomography: Methods for Three-Dimensional Visualization of Structures in the Cell, ed. by
J. Frank (Springer, 2006)
73. Gordon, R., G.T. Herman, S.A. Johnson, Image reconstruction from projections. Sci. Am.
233(4), 56–61, 64–8 (1975)
74. R. Hegerl, W. Hoppe, Influence of electron noise on three-dimensional image reconstruction.
Zeitschrift Naturforsch. A 314(12), 1717–1721 (1976)
75. B.F. McEwen, K.H. Downing, R.M. Glaeser, The relevance of dose-fractionation in
tomography of radiation-sensitive specimens. Ultramicroscopy 60(3), 357–73 (1995)
76. R. Grimm et al., Zero-loss energy filtering under low-dose conditions using a post-column
energy filter. J. Microsc. 183(1), 60–68 (1996)
77. D.N. Mastronarde, Dual-axis tomography: an approach with alignment methods that
preserve resolution. J. Struct. Biol. 120(3), 343–52 (1997)
78. S. Nickell et al., Pyrodictium cannulae enter the periplasmic space but do not enter the
cytoplasm, as revealed by cryo-electron tomography. J. Struct. Biol. 141(1), 34–42 (2003)
79. V. Lucic, F. Forster, W. Baumeister, Structural studies by electron tomography: from cells to
molecules. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 74, 833–65 (2005)
80. M.B. Braunfeld et al., Cryo automated electron tomography: towards high-resolution
reconstructions of plastic-embedded structures. J. Microsc. 174(Pt 2), 75–84 (1994)
81. M.L. Harlow et al., The architecture of active zone material at the frog’s neuromuscular
junction. Nature 409, 479–484 (2001)
82. P.K. Luther, Sample shrinkage and radiation damage of plastic sections, in Electron
Tomography: Methods for Three-Dimensional Visualization of Structuresin the Cell, ed. by
J. Frank (Springer, 2006)
83. P. Walther, M. Muller, Biological ultrastructure as revealed by high resolution cryo-SEM of
block faces after cryo-sectioning. J. Microsc. 196(Pt 3), 279–87 (1999)
84. A. Kreshuk et al., Automated detection and segmentation of synaptic contacts in nearly
isotropic serial electron microscopy images. PLoS ONE 6(10), e24899 (2011)
85. M. Marko et al., Focused ion beam milling of vitreous water: prospects for an alternative to
cryo-ultramicrotomy of frozen-hydrated biological samples. Journal of Microscopy-Oxford
222, 42–47 (2006)
86. S. Masich et al., A procedure to deposit fiducial markers on vitreous cryo-sections for
cellular tomography. J. Struct. Biol. 156(3), 461–8 (2006)
87. D. Castano-Diez et al., Fiducial-less alignment of cryo-sections. J. Struct. Biol. 159(3), 413–
423 (2007)
88. C.O. Sorzano et al., Marker-free image registration of electron tomography tilt-series. BMC
Bioinformatics 10, 124 (2009)
89. F. Amat et al., Alignment of cryo-electron tomography datasets. Methods Enzymol. 482,
343–67 (2010)
90. P.F.C. Gilbert, Reconstruction of a 3-dimensional structure from projections and its
application to electron-microscopy. 2. Direct methods. Proc. Roy. Soc. London B, 182
(1066), 89–102 (1972)
91. J. Radon, Über die Bestimmung von Funktionen durch ihre Integralwerte längs gewisser
Mannigfaltigkeiten. Berichte über die Verhandlungen der Königlich Sächsischen
Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig. Math. Phys. Klasse. 69, 262–277 (1917)
92. R.N. Bracewell, A.C. Riddle, Inversion of fan-beam scans in radio astronomy. Astrophys.
J. 150, 427–434 (1967)
93. R. Gordon, G.T. Herman, Reconstruction of pictures from their projections. Graph. Image
Proc. 14(12), 759–768 (1971)
30
A. Leis
tomography and vitreous sections reveal the lipid bilayer structure. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.
S.A. 105(10), 3963–3967 (2008)
71. B. Zuber et al., Direct visualization of the outer membrane of mycobacteria and
corynebacteria in their native state. J. Bacteriol. 190(16), 5672–5680 (2008)
72. P.K. Luther, Sample shrinkage and radiation damage of plastic sections, in Electron
Tomography: Methods for Three-Dimensional Visualization of Structures in the Cell, ed. by
J. Frank (Springer, 2006)
73. Gordon, R., G.T. Herman, S.A. Johnson, Image reconstruction from projections. Sci. Am.
233(4), 56–61, 64–8 (1975)
74. R. Hegerl, W. Hoppe, Influence of electron noise on three-dimensional image reconstruction.
Zeitschrift Naturforsch. A 314(12), 1717–1721 (1976)
75. B.F. McEwen, K.H. Downing, R.M. Glaeser, The relevance of dose-fractionation in
tomography of radiation-sensitive specimens. Ultramicroscopy 60(3), 357–73 (1995)
76. R. Grimm et al., Zero-loss energy filtering under low-dose conditions using a post-column
energy filter. J. Microsc. 183(1), 60–68 (1996)
77. D.N. Mastronarde, Dual-axis tomography: an approach with alignment methods that
preserve resolution. J. Struct. Biol. 120(3), 343–52 (1997)
78. S. Nickell et al., Pyrodictium cannulae enter the periplasmic space but do not enter the
cytoplasm, as revealed by cryo-electron tomography. J. Struct. Biol. 141(1), 34–42 (2003)
79. V. Lucic, F. Forster, W. Baumeister, Structural studies by electron tomography: from cells to
molecules. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 74, 833–65 (2005)
80. M.B. Braunfeld et al., Cryo automated electron tomography: towards high-resolution
reconstructions of plastic-embedded structures. J. Microsc. 174(Pt 2), 75–84 (1994)
81. M.L. Harlow et al., The architecture of active zone material at the frog’s neuromuscular
junction. Nature 409, 479–484 (2001)
82. P.K. Luther, Sample shrinkage and radiation damage of plastic sections, in Electron
Tomography: Methods for Three-Dimensional Visualization of Structuresin the Cell, ed. by
J. Frank (Springer, 2006)
83. P. Walther, M. Muller, Biological ultrastructure as revealed by high resolution cryo-SEM of
block faces after cryo-sectioning. J. Microsc. 196(Pt 3), 279–87 (1999)
84. A. Kreshuk et al., Automated detection and segmentation of synaptic contacts in nearly
isotropic serial electron microscopy images. PLoS ONE 6(10), e24899 (2011)
85. M. Marko et al., Focused ion beam milling of vitreous water: prospects for an alternative to
cryo-ultramicrotomy of frozen-hydrated biological samples. Journal of Microscopy-Oxford
222, 42–47 (2006)
86. S. Masich et al., A procedure to deposit fiducial markers on vitreous cryo-sections for
cellular tomography. J. Struct. Biol. 156(3), 461–8 (2006)
87. D. Castano-Diez et al., Fiducial-less alignment of cryo-sections. J. Struct. Biol. 159(3), 413–
423 (2007)
88. C.O. Sorzano et al., Marker-free image registration of electron tomography tilt-series. BMC
Bioinformatics 10, 124 (2009)
89. F. Amat et al., Alignment of cryo-electron tomography datasets. Methods Enzymol. 482,
343–67 (2010)
90. P.F.C. Gilbert, Reconstruction of a 3-dimensional structure from projections and its
application to electron-microscopy. 2. Direct methods. Proc. Roy. Soc. London B, 182
(1066), 89–102 (1972)
91. J. Radon, Über die Bestimmung von Funktionen durch ihre Integralwerte längs gewisser
Mannigfaltigkeiten. Berichte über die Verhandlungen der Königlich Sächsischen
Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig. Math. Phys. Klasse. 69, 262–277 (1917)
92. R.N. Bracewell, A.C. Riddle, Inversion of fan-beam scans in radio astronomy. Astrophys.
J. 150, 427–434 (1967)
93. R. Gordon, G.T. Herman, Reconstruction of pictures from their projections. Graph. Image
Proc. 14(12), 759–768 (1971)
30
A. Leis