In conclusion, the authors recommend the strains of microorganisms and fungi as the
potential candidates for the decontamination of soil fungicides—azoxystrobin.
Ghaly et al. (2013) tested and evaluated the biodegrading potentials of pyrene a
congener of PAHs. The efficacy of the degradation relies on the bioaugmentation
and biostimulation of the soil environment with mycobacterium and toting of food or
nutrients to the degrading media. Results showed that there was an increase in the
number of microbial cells (40, 58, 70, and 132) in the bioaugmentation,
biostimulation, and control group correspondingly. However, a pause time (0.5
days) and growth rate (0.896 day
À1 ) were noticed when bioaugmentation and
biostimulation were combined as a treatment at mean temperature of 41
C and
minimum–maximum temperature of 28–32
C. This was consequent as a result of
the non-compensation of the gas lost during the organic matter breakdown in the
remediation of pyrene in the bioreactor. The amount of pyrene breakdown was
shown by the reduction of the oxygen level/concentration and the rise of the carbon
(IV) contents in the bioreactor exhaust as compared to the control. More so, the level
of O 2 to CO 2 in the treatment groups, bioaugmentation, and biostimulation were the
same. However, at day 7 trial period, the concentration of O 2 to CO 2 declined. The
greatest reduction (84.29%) of pyrene was noticed in the biostimulationbioaugmentation process, followed by 87.56% of the bioaugmentation process,
50% of the biostimulation process, and 37% of the control group. The findings of
this study showed that there were various degradation rates in the microbial phases
(stationary, exponential, and lag) when both the bioremediation processes were
combined.
Garbisu et al. (2017) did a review of the biodegradation of soil pollutants using
bioaugmented facilitated plasmid method. Unfortunately, microbial degradation of
soil contaminants sometimes is ineffective due to the rapid reduction of microbial
sustainability and richness. This is consequent on the genes that encrypt in the
biodegradation of organic compound found in the plasmids of the microbial cell.
A facilitated plasmid technique in bioaugmentation targets to excite the binge of
pollutant degradation of DNA segment among native strains of soil microorganisms
via the preface of plasmids found in the contributor gene pool. This will enhance the
host’s ability for an effective degradation process. In conclusion, the authors
suggested that for the entire bioaugmentation facilitated plasmid process to be
more effective, an in-depth knowledge of the soil native consortium and the environmental factors that may militate against the plasmid expression and acquisition
should be of paramount interest in bioremediation prospective research.
Baneshi et al. (2014) tested and evaluated the impact of bioaugmentation in
improving the flora decontaminating of pyrene and phenanthrene-selected PAH
congeners. The authors stated that PAHs removal from the soil by phytoremediation
is an effective technique suggested for a future utilization. Onobrychis sativa and
Sorghum were combined with the specific microbial consortium to
phytoremediation pyrene and phenanthrene. Polluted soil (1.5 kg) of proportion
100:300 mg was used and investigated for 120 days. The results showed that the
flora were able to remediate the polluted soil and significantly decontaminate totally
the pyrene (63%) and phenanthrene (74.5%) contents of the soil correspondingly.
15 Bioaugmentation: A Powerful Biotechnological Techniques for Sustainable. . .
383
potential candidates for the decontamination of soil fungicides—azoxystrobin.
Ghaly et al. (2013) tested and evaluated the biodegrading potentials of pyrene a
congener of PAHs. The efficacy of the degradation relies on the bioaugmentation
and biostimulation of the soil environment with mycobacterium and toting of food or
nutrients to the degrading media. Results showed that there was an increase in the
number of microbial cells (40, 58, 70, and 132) in the bioaugmentation,
biostimulation, and control group correspondingly. However, a pause time (0.5
days) and growth rate (0.896 day
À1 ) were noticed when bioaugmentation and
biostimulation were combined as a treatment at mean temperature of 41
C and
minimum–maximum temperature of 28–32
C. This was consequent as a result of
the non-compensation of the gas lost during the organic matter breakdown in the
remediation of pyrene in the bioreactor. The amount of pyrene breakdown was
shown by the reduction of the oxygen level/concentration and the rise of the carbon
(IV) contents in the bioreactor exhaust as compared to the control. More so, the level
of O 2 to CO 2 in the treatment groups, bioaugmentation, and biostimulation were the
same. However, at day 7 trial period, the concentration of O 2 to CO 2 declined. The
greatest reduction (84.29%) of pyrene was noticed in the biostimulationbioaugmentation process, followed by 87.56% of the bioaugmentation process,
50% of the biostimulation process, and 37% of the control group. The findings of
this study showed that there were various degradation rates in the microbial phases
(stationary, exponential, and lag) when both the bioremediation processes were
combined.
Garbisu et al. (2017) did a review of the biodegradation of soil pollutants using
bioaugmented facilitated plasmid method. Unfortunately, microbial degradation of
soil contaminants sometimes is ineffective due to the rapid reduction of microbial
sustainability and richness. This is consequent on the genes that encrypt in the
biodegradation of organic compound found in the plasmids of the microbial cell.
A facilitated plasmid technique in bioaugmentation targets to excite the binge of
pollutant degradation of DNA segment among native strains of soil microorganisms
via the preface of plasmids found in the contributor gene pool. This will enhance the
host’s ability for an effective degradation process. In conclusion, the authors
suggested that for the entire bioaugmentation facilitated plasmid process to be
more effective, an in-depth knowledge of the soil native consortium and the environmental factors that may militate against the plasmid expression and acquisition
should be of paramount interest in bioremediation prospective research.
Baneshi et al. (2014) tested and evaluated the impact of bioaugmentation in
improving the flora decontaminating of pyrene and phenanthrene-selected PAH
congeners. The authors stated that PAHs removal from the soil by phytoremediation
is an effective technique suggested for a future utilization. Onobrychis sativa and
Sorghum were combined with the specific microbial consortium to
phytoremediation pyrene and phenanthrene. Polluted soil (1.5 kg) of proportion
100:300 mg was used and investigated for 120 days. The results showed that the
flora were able to remediate the polluted soil and significantly decontaminate totally
the pyrene (63%) and phenanthrene (74.5%) contents of the soil correspondingly.
15 Bioaugmentation: A Powerful Biotechnological Techniques for Sustainable. . .
383