biostimulation impact on the degradation of polyurethane. A further addition of
several strains of Mucor mycotina sp., Penicillium ochrochloron, Penicillium
viridicatum, and Nectria haematococca enhanced about 30–70% of degradation of
polyurethane. This informs that both bioremediation techniques (bioaugmentation
and biostimulation) are working in synergy to recital of the degradation of the
pollutant. The findings from their study revealed that bioaugmentation however
spurred the numbers of the native consortium microbial and fungi population for
effective bioremediation process. They recommend both the techniques as feasible
instruments for the degradation of environmental pollutants with polyurethane.
Population increase and technological developments have been linked to the
major generation of environmental concerned pollutants. These imbalances as a
result of these impacts have caused impending stress in the biotic community.
However, several methods have been employed in remediating the ecological
concerned pollutant. Goswami et al. (2018) in a review looked at the different
potential strategies of remediation, environmental pollutants using bioaugmentation
and biostimulation techniques. The authors stated that bioaugmentation has been
proven efficient in the remediation of recalcitrant pollutants using strains of microbes
as well as the biostimulation of the process using regulating nutrients that will
enhance the efficacy of the microbial strains in the remediation of the rate of
degradation of some environmental concerned pollutants. The authors, however,
pinpointed that the co-eco-friendly nature of the two bioremediation techniques has
yet to be ascertained and recommend the evaluation of the ecological and health
impacts of these techniques.
The uncontrolled use of fungicides in agricultural activities has yielded to
rebound of recalcitrant chemicals like Azoxystrobin in the agro-ecosystem. However, the ecorestoration of soil contaminated by this chemical can forestall a healthy
environment for soil micro and macro biota. Baćmaga et al. (2017) tested and
evaluated the bioaugmentation potential of soil fungicide pollutant—Azoxystrobin.
The authors investigated this with the use of catabolic enzymes (alkaline phosphatase, acidic phosphatase, catalase, urease, and dehydrogenases) secreted by the four
microbial consortium strains [KJ843149.1 (Bacillus megaterium) KF831381.1
(Bacillus weihenstephanensis), KC848897.1 (Bacillus cereus), and LM655314.1
(Bacillus sp.)] and two fungi strains [JN943451.1 (Aphanoascus fulvescens) and
AB861677.1 (Aphanoascus terreus)]. The results indicated that the microbial consortium was able to increase the breakdown of azoxystrobin in the contaminated
soils within 90 days of investigation by the four microbial (24%) and two fungi
(78%) strains correspondingly. Azoxystrobin was degraded by Aphanoascus
fulvescens and Aphanoascus terreus by 9% in the sandy-loamy soils. The findings
of the study showed that the activity of the soil catabolic enzymes was altered/
increased, due to inoculation of the topsoil by the microbes and fungi strains, which
is also an indication of that the augmentation process has attained its objective
compared to the control. The entire process created a suitable environment and
effective removal of azoxystrobin as well as improved the adverse impact on the
soil micro and macro biota. More so, it created an avenue to utilize microbial
organisms in the contaminated soils in the bioremediation process of azoxystrobin.
382
C. O. Adetunji and O. A. Anani
several strains of Mucor mycotina sp., Penicillium ochrochloron, Penicillium
viridicatum, and Nectria haematococca enhanced about 30–70% of degradation of
polyurethane. This informs that both bioremediation techniques (bioaugmentation
and biostimulation) are working in synergy to recital of the degradation of the
pollutant. The findings from their study revealed that bioaugmentation however
spurred the numbers of the native consortium microbial and fungi population for
effective bioremediation process. They recommend both the techniques as feasible
instruments for the degradation of environmental pollutants with polyurethane.
Population increase and technological developments have been linked to the
major generation of environmental concerned pollutants. These imbalances as a
result of these impacts have caused impending stress in the biotic community.
However, several methods have been employed in remediating the ecological
concerned pollutant. Goswami et al. (2018) in a review looked at the different
potential strategies of remediation, environmental pollutants using bioaugmentation
and biostimulation techniques. The authors stated that bioaugmentation has been
proven efficient in the remediation of recalcitrant pollutants using strains of microbes
as well as the biostimulation of the process using regulating nutrients that will
enhance the efficacy of the microbial strains in the remediation of the rate of
degradation of some environmental concerned pollutants. The authors, however,
pinpointed that the co-eco-friendly nature of the two bioremediation techniques has
yet to be ascertained and recommend the evaluation of the ecological and health
impacts of these techniques.
The uncontrolled use of fungicides in agricultural activities has yielded to
rebound of recalcitrant chemicals like Azoxystrobin in the agro-ecosystem. However, the ecorestoration of soil contaminated by this chemical can forestall a healthy
environment for soil micro and macro biota. Baćmaga et al. (2017) tested and
evaluated the bioaugmentation potential of soil fungicide pollutant—Azoxystrobin.
The authors investigated this with the use of catabolic enzymes (alkaline phosphatase, acidic phosphatase, catalase, urease, and dehydrogenases) secreted by the four
microbial consortium strains [KJ843149.1 (Bacillus megaterium) KF831381.1
(Bacillus weihenstephanensis), KC848897.1 (Bacillus cereus), and LM655314.1
(Bacillus sp.)] and two fungi strains [JN943451.1 (Aphanoascus fulvescens) and
AB861677.1 (Aphanoascus terreus)]. The results indicated that the microbial consortium was able to increase the breakdown of azoxystrobin in the contaminated
soils within 90 days of investigation by the four microbial (24%) and two fungi
(78%) strains correspondingly. Azoxystrobin was degraded by Aphanoascus
fulvescens and Aphanoascus terreus by 9% in the sandy-loamy soils. The findings
of the study showed that the activity of the soil catabolic enzymes was altered/
increased, due to inoculation of the topsoil by the microbes and fungi strains, which
is also an indication of that the augmentation process has attained its objective
compared to the control. The entire process created a suitable environment and
effective removal of azoxystrobin as well as improved the adverse impact on the
soil micro and macro biota. More so, it created an avenue to utilize microbial
organisms in the contaminated soils in the bioremediation process of azoxystrobin.
382
C. O. Adetunji and O. A. Anani