9.3 Application of Microbial Biofilm for Bioremediation
of Heavily Polluted Environment
Mohapatra et al. (2019) did a review of the probable utilization of microbial bacterial
biofilm for the degradation of noxious dye and heavy metal–polluted environment.
The authors recounted the environmental degradation associated with the release of
noxious dyes and heavy metals in the environment was biota live. The emergence of
biofilms, which is green and cost-effective intermediated bioremediation technique
can be utilized in the remediation of dye and heavy metals in any media. This green
cellular sticky matrix has high forbearance property against antibiotics, organic
pollutants and strong chemicals apart from dye and heavy metals. They also have
higher resistance ability against certain environmental factors such as nutrient level,
water current, temperature, salinity, and varied pH levels. They do this by the
possession of parallel inheritable factor and chemo-taxis actions that enable them
to accomplish their basic metabolic wants. This is very important for bioremediation
purpose and utilization.
Ayangbenro and Babalola (2018) did a review of the schemes used in the
bioremediation of metals and metalloids using different microbial polymer methods
such as biofilms. The authors stated that the conventional means of remediation of
pollutants lead to the generation of a lot of waste which might propound series of
health and ecological issues. The use of bioremediation techniques such as biofilms
has been chosen as a perfect choice in the mitigation of environmental concern
pollutants. The reason is because of its eco-friendly nature and low economic cost
attached to its usage. More so, they do not generate extra wastes during the
decontamination process. Instead, any waste generated are re-utilized into the
degradation chain to generate more energy for the entire bio-process. The metabolite
generated by the extracellular microbes aid in the decontamination of the metals and
metalloids and lessen the noxious level in any media they are introduced. These
metabolites or biopolymers have been known to possess different chemicals that
show selective potentials to metals and metalloids decontaminations.
Maksimova (2014) did a review of the biotechnological approaches of bacterial
biofilms. The authors pointed out that bacterial biofilms can be utilized as a
bio-catalysis in the treatment of waste waters as well as the remediation of contaminants in benthic regions of aquatic bodies. They are able to do this because they are
self-regenerating and self-immobilizing and possess a level of tolerance to noxious
chemicals based on the enzymatic activities on the substrate. In conclusion, the
authors resounded that it is important that bacterial biofilms form numerous spores
so that they can bio-transform usable products after biodegradation. They suggested
that bacterial biofilms can serve as a promising tool not only for the bioremediation
of sewages but also in food productions, pharmaceutical production, and
bioenergetics.
Meliani and Bensoltane (2016) tested and evaluated the bioremediation potentials
of biofilm Pseudomonas strain on heavy metal. The authors recounted that biofilm
microbes have been known to be important in managing environmental stress,
232
C. O. Adetunji and O. A. Anani
of Heavily Polluted Environment
Mohapatra et al. (2019) did a review of the probable utilization of microbial bacterial
biofilm for the degradation of noxious dye and heavy metal–polluted environment.
The authors recounted the environmental degradation associated with the release of
noxious dyes and heavy metals in the environment was biota live. The emergence of
biofilms, which is green and cost-effective intermediated bioremediation technique
can be utilized in the remediation of dye and heavy metals in any media. This green
cellular sticky matrix has high forbearance property against antibiotics, organic
pollutants and strong chemicals apart from dye and heavy metals. They also have
higher resistance ability against certain environmental factors such as nutrient level,
water current, temperature, salinity, and varied pH levels. They do this by the
possession of parallel inheritable factor and chemo-taxis actions that enable them
to accomplish their basic metabolic wants. This is very important for bioremediation
purpose and utilization.
Ayangbenro and Babalola (2018) did a review of the schemes used in the
bioremediation of metals and metalloids using different microbial polymer methods
such as biofilms. The authors stated that the conventional means of remediation of
pollutants lead to the generation of a lot of waste which might propound series of
health and ecological issues. The use of bioremediation techniques such as biofilms
has been chosen as a perfect choice in the mitigation of environmental concern
pollutants. The reason is because of its eco-friendly nature and low economic cost
attached to its usage. More so, they do not generate extra wastes during the
decontamination process. Instead, any waste generated are re-utilized into the
degradation chain to generate more energy for the entire bio-process. The metabolite
generated by the extracellular microbes aid in the decontamination of the metals and
metalloids and lessen the noxious level in any media they are introduced. These
metabolites or biopolymers have been known to possess different chemicals that
show selective potentials to metals and metalloids decontaminations.
Maksimova (2014) did a review of the biotechnological approaches of bacterial
biofilms. The authors pointed out that bacterial biofilms can be utilized as a
bio-catalysis in the treatment of waste waters as well as the remediation of contaminants in benthic regions of aquatic bodies. They are able to do this because they are
self-regenerating and self-immobilizing and possess a level of tolerance to noxious
chemicals based on the enzymatic activities on the substrate. In conclusion, the
authors resounded that it is important that bacterial biofilms form numerous spores
so that they can bio-transform usable products after biodegradation. They suggested
that bacterial biofilms can serve as a promising tool not only for the bioremediation
of sewages but also in food productions, pharmaceutical production, and
bioenergetics.
Meliani and Bensoltane (2016) tested and evaluated the bioremediation potentials
of biofilm Pseudomonas strain on heavy metal. The authors recounted that biofilm
microbes have been known to be important in managing environmental stress,
232
C. O. Adetunji and O. A. Anani