Index
315
Nitrate, 110
concentrations, 116, 127–128
Nitrex TM effluent, 110–111
Nonaqueous phase liquids (NAPLs), 181
N–S equations, see Navier–Stokes
equations (N–S equations)
NSO-heterocycles, 216
parent aromatics, 216, 217
pH-values, 218–219
S-heterocycles, 218
NSW EPA, see New south Wales
environment protection
authority (NSW EPA)
Numerical models, 70
NZVIs emulsions, see Nano and/or
micro scale zero-valent iron
emulsions (NZVIs emulsions)
O
Operation and maintenance (O&M), 282
Organic
analyses, 264–265
compound analysis, 224–225
contaminants, 298
Organic-based permeable reactive
barrier systems (Organic-based
PRB systems), 135
Louisiana PRBs, 136–147
South Carolina PRB, 147–148
Orica, 250
Oxidation reduction potential (ORP), 131
Oxygen gas balance models, 197–198
P
PAH, see Polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbon (PAH)
Panel-drain principle, 280
Particle tracking method, 78
Passive remediation, 79
PCB oils, see Polychlorinated biphenyl
oils (PCB oils)
PCE, see Perchloroethene (PCE);
Perchloroethylene (PCE)
PCR, see Polymerase chain reaction
(PCR)
Peclet number (Pe), 188
Penetration injection lances (DIL), 192
Perchloroethene (PCE), 89, 281
Perchloroethylene (PCE), 30, 250
Percussion sounding injection lances
(RIL), 192
Permeable reactive barrier technology
(PRB technology), 1, 2, 25,
63, 178, 216, 250, 276; see
also Reingungswände undbarrierenim Netzwerkverbund
(RUBIN)
AC, 220–221
advances in, 35–36
analytics, 219–220
in Austria, 224, 291–294
in Brunn am Gebirge, 243
characterization of sites, 238–239
chemical treatment, 30–31
column experiments, 222–223
compound ranking, 234–238
construction and implementation, 34
contaminated sites, 27
“continuous barrier and funnel-andgate” system, 15
cost, 34–35
in Czech republic, 297–299
in Denmark, 294–295
efficiencies, 238
engineered, 278–281
in Europe, 281
Europe oldest PRB, 299–303
extraction, 224–225
failure in, 18
general considerations, 28–30
in Germany, 224
groundwater contamination, 2–6
groundwater in column
experiments, 236
groundwater remediation, 7–13
instrumentation and materials, 219
intercepting contaminant plume, 14
investigating reactive barriers, 223
in Italy, 295–297
in Karlsruhe, 239
long-term performance, 16–18
monitoring improvements and
longevity, 32–33
NSO-heterocycles, 216
organic compounds, 224–225,
240–242
315
Nitrate, 110
concentrations, 116, 127–128
Nitrex TM effluent, 110–111
Nonaqueous phase liquids (NAPLs), 181
N–S equations, see Navier–Stokes
equations (N–S equations)
NSO-heterocycles, 216
parent aromatics, 216, 217
pH-values, 218–219
S-heterocycles, 218
NSW EPA, see New south Wales
environment protection
authority (NSW EPA)
Numerical models, 70
NZVIs emulsions, see Nano and/or
micro scale zero-valent iron
emulsions (NZVIs emulsions)
O
Operation and maintenance (O&M), 282
Organic
analyses, 264–265
compound analysis, 224–225
contaminants, 298
Organic-based permeable reactive
barrier systems (Organic-based
PRB systems), 135
Louisiana PRBs, 136–147
South Carolina PRB, 147–148
Orica, 250
Oxidation reduction potential (ORP), 131
Oxygen gas balance models, 197–198
P
PAH, see Polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbon (PAH)
Panel-drain principle, 280
Particle tracking method, 78
Passive remediation, 79
PCB oils, see Polychlorinated biphenyl
oils (PCB oils)
PCE, see Perchloroethene (PCE);
Perchloroethylene (PCE)
PCR, see Polymerase chain reaction
(PCR)
Peclet number (Pe), 188
Penetration injection lances (DIL), 192
Perchloroethene (PCE), 89, 281
Perchloroethylene (PCE), 30, 250
Percussion sounding injection lances
(RIL), 192
Permeable reactive barrier technology
(PRB technology), 1, 2, 25,
63, 178, 216, 250, 276; see
also Reingungswände undbarrierenim Netzwerkverbund
(RUBIN)
AC, 220–221
advances in, 35–36
analytics, 219–220
in Austria, 224, 291–294
in Brunn am Gebirge, 243
characterization of sites, 238–239
chemical treatment, 30–31
column experiments, 222–223
compound ranking, 234–238
construction and implementation, 34
contaminated sites, 27
“continuous barrier and funnel-andgate” system, 15
cost, 34–35
in Czech republic, 297–299
in Denmark, 294–295
efficiencies, 238
engineered, 278–281
in Europe, 281
Europe oldest PRB, 299–303
extraction, 224–225
failure in, 18
general considerations, 28–30
in Germany, 224
groundwater contamination, 2–6
groundwater in column
experiments, 236
groundwater remediation, 7–13
instrumentation and materials, 219
intercepting contaminant plume, 14
investigating reactive barriers, 223
in Italy, 295–297
in Karlsruhe, 239
long-term performance, 16–18
monitoring improvements and
longevity, 32–33
NSO-heterocycles, 216
organic compounds, 224–225,
240–242