316
Index
Permeable reactive barrier technology
(Continued)
outcomes, 102–106
oxygen gas PRB, 206–210
panel-drain principle, 280
parent aromatics, 216, 217
passive in situ groundwater
remediation, 154
pH-values, 218–219
plume of contaminated
groundwater, 26
projects in Germany, 281–283
reactive materials, 15, 17, 29
S-heterocycles, 218
site-specific evaluations, 99
site background, 100–101
site evaluation, 101–102
source, PRB, monitoring wells, and
Transect 2, 101
sustainability, 33–34
in Switzerland, 291–294
U.K. environment agency, 277–278
unintended performance issues,
31–32
U.S. EPA, 277
uses, 42
ZVI, 87, 110
pH, 138, 141
dependence, 164
Eh and, 131, 132
pH-dependent loads, 230
pH–Eh diagram, 160
and redox conditions, 102
TEPA-1C, 141
Phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA), 268
PHT3D, 69
adapted codes, 188
TCE degradation reaction network
using, 69
Pilot-scale barrier design, 257
at botany, 259–261
design and construction
method, 258
installing 12-m-long sheet piles, 258
long-screened wells, 263
pilot-scale reactive iron barrier, 261,
262, 266
Pilot-scale reactive iron barrier, 261,
262, 266
PLFA, see Phospholipid fatty acid
(PLFA)
Polychlorinated biphenyl oils (PCB
oils), 109
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH),
216, 281, 282; see also Permeable
reactive barriers (PRBs)
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), 272
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC), 118, 251
Posttreatment, 178
PRB technology, see Permeable reactive
barrier technology (PRB
technology)
Precipitation, 157
Process-based modeling, 68–70
Process-based reactive transport
modeling, 68
PTS, see Pump-and-treat systems (PTS)
Pump-and-treat systems (PTS), 12, 270
PVC, see Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
Pyrite oxidation, 205
Q
Quebec Metal Powders Ltd (QMP), 115
R
R&D, see Research and development
(R&D)
Radii of influence (ROI), 202
Radionuclides removal, 169–170
RAMAN spectroscopy, 267–268
RAO, see Remedial action objective
(RAO)
RBC, see Risk-based criteria (RBC)
Reaction kinetics, 45–47
Reactive contaminant transport, 73–75
Reactive gas barriers and zones
(RGBZ), 178
algorithm for gas PRBs optimization,
201
applications, 179, 180, 200
BIOXWAND technology, 202–206
formation, 189
gas injection devices, 191–195
gas PRB, 180, 190
monitoring devices, 195–200
oxygen gas PRB, 206–210
Index
Permeable reactive barrier technology
(Continued)
outcomes, 102–106
oxygen gas PRB, 206–210
panel-drain principle, 280
parent aromatics, 216, 217
passive in situ groundwater
remediation, 154
pH-values, 218–219
plume of contaminated
groundwater, 26
projects in Germany, 281–283
reactive materials, 15, 17, 29
S-heterocycles, 218
site-specific evaluations, 99
site background, 100–101
site evaluation, 101–102
source, PRB, monitoring wells, and
Transect 2, 101
sustainability, 33–34
in Switzerland, 291–294
U.K. environment agency, 277–278
unintended performance issues,
31–32
U.S. EPA, 277
uses, 42
ZVI, 87, 110
pH, 138, 141
dependence, 164
Eh and, 131, 132
pH-dependent loads, 230
pH–Eh diagram, 160
and redox conditions, 102
TEPA-1C, 141
Phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA), 268
PHT3D, 69
adapted codes, 188
TCE degradation reaction network
using, 69
Pilot-scale barrier design, 257
at botany, 259–261
design and construction
method, 258
installing 12-m-long sheet piles, 258
long-screened wells, 263
pilot-scale reactive iron barrier, 261,
262, 266
Pilot-scale reactive iron barrier, 261,
262, 266
PLFA, see Phospholipid fatty acid
(PLFA)
Polychlorinated biphenyl oils (PCB
oils), 109
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH),
216, 281, 282; see also Permeable
reactive barriers (PRBs)
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), 272
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC), 118, 251
Posttreatment, 178
PRB technology, see Permeable reactive
barrier technology (PRB
technology)
Precipitation, 157
Process-based modeling, 68–70
Process-based reactive transport
modeling, 68
PTS, see Pump-and-treat systems (PTS)
Pump-and-treat systems (PTS), 12, 270
PVC, see Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
Pyrite oxidation, 205
Q
Quebec Metal Powders Ltd (QMP), 115
R
R&D, see Research and development
(R&D)
Radii of influence (ROI), 202
Radionuclides removal, 169–170
RAMAN spectroscopy, 267–268
RAO, see Remedial action objective
(RAO)
RBC, see Risk-based criteria (RBC)
Reaction kinetics, 45–47
Reactive contaminant transport, 73–75
Reactive gas barriers and zones
(RGBZ), 178
algorithm for gas PRBs optimization,
201
applications, 179, 180, 200
BIOXWAND technology, 202–206
formation, 189
gas injection devices, 191–195
gas PRB, 180, 190
monitoring devices, 195–200
oxygen gas PRB, 206–210