1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1

0

W131319-galv
W131319-strl
W205329-galv
FeS-Fe
FeS-strl
FeS2-galv
FeS2-Fe
FeS2-strl
FeOx-galv
FeOx-strl
Fe3O4-galv
Fe3O4-Fe
Fe3O4-strl
Fe2O3-galv
Fe2O3-Fe
Fe2O3-strl
FeCu-galv
FeCu-strl.
GJS-150-galv
GJS-150 strl.
NiFeCuMo+S, galv
NiFeCuMo+S, stroml
NiFeCuMo, galv
NiFeCuMo, stroml
MnNi+S, galv
MnNi+S, stroml
MnNi-stroml
Peerless, stroml
W-1a, galv
W-1a, stroml
W-1, galv
W-1, stroml
GM-1, galv
GM-1, stromlos
Resp1 galv.
Resp1-stroml
Resp-galv
Resp, stroml
Fe-S-galv
Fe-S, stroml
Fe-galv
Fe, stroml
dcm—24 h dcm—48 h dcm—72 h dcm—96 h
dcm (mg/cm 2
*h)
93
Impact of Trace Elements and Impurities in Technical ZVI Brands
FIGURE 5.5
ZVI electrodes (ZVI was embedded into a resin, cut, and polished) used for determining
surface-dependent first-order rate constants regarding the degradation of PCE (10 mg/L) in
groundwater of the Rheine PRB site (Germany). Left: Gotthart-Maier, right: Responge ® electrodes, both no current and galvanostatically operated.
FIGURE 5.6
Normalized specific surface-dependent first-order rate constants k SA = dCm in mg PCE/cm 2 *h
for different ZVI brands and different production batches of them as well as artificially produced combinations of pure Fe wavers spiked with certain metallic and nonmetallic elements
(made by ion beam implantation) regarding degradation of PCE in groundwater from the
Rheine PRB site (Germany). Sulfide containing ZVI types provide high surface normalized
rate constants (dCm) after 24, 48, 72, or 96 h of treatment. “Stroml” = no current, “galv” = galvanostatical experiment.