vi Contents
3.4 Quality control and testing 77
3.5 Suitable soils and method limitations 80
3.6 Case histories 85
3.6.1 Vibro compaction for a land reclamation project 85
3.6.2 Ground improvement treatment by vibro
compaction for new port facilities 86
3.6.3 Vibro compaction field trial in calcareous sand 89
3.6.4 Foundation of a fuel oil tank farm 92
3.6.5 Liquefaction evaluation of CPT data after
vibro compaction and stone column treatment 95
3.6.6 Trial compaction in quartz sand to establish
compaction probe spacing 100
3.6.7 Ground improvement works for the
extension of a major shipyard in Singapore 102
4 Improvement of fine-grained and cohesive soils by vibro
replacement stone columns
105
4.1 Vibro replacement stone column technique 105
4.2 Special equipment 109
4.3 Principal behavior of vibro stone columns
under load and their design 115
4.3.1 Overview and definitions 115
4.3.2 Load-carrying mechanism and settlement
estimation 122
4.3.3 Failure mechanism and bearing
capacity calculations 129
4.3.4 Drainage, reduction of liquefaction potential,
and improvement of earthquake resistance 136
4.3.5 Recommendations 144
4.4 Quality control and testing 149
4.5 Suitable soils and method limitations 152
4.6 Computational examples 154
4.6.1 Analysis of settlement reduction 154
4.6.2 Analysis of slope stability 158
4.6.3 Bearing capacity calculation of single
footings on stone columns 162
4.6.4 Some results of a parametric study of
stone column group behavior 166