Contents vii
4.7 Case histories 170
4.7.1 Wet vibro replacement stone columns
for a thermal power plant 170
4.7.2 Vibro replacement soil improvement
for a double track railway project 172
4.7.3 Vibro replacement foundation for the
new international airport at Berlin 174
4.7.4 High replacement vibro stone
columns for a port extension 176
4.7.5 Vibro stone columns for settlement
control behind bridge abutments 178
4.7.6 Ground improvement for the foundation of
a petroleum tank farm in the Middle East 180
4.7.7 Stone columns provide earthquake-resistant
foundation for an electric power plant in Turkey 182
4.7.8 Seismic remediation of an earthfill
dam by vibro stone columns 185
5 Method variations and related processes
189
5.1 General 189
5.2 Vibro concrete columns for foundations in very soft soils 191
5.2.1 Process description 191
5.2.2 Special equipment 193
5.2.3 Principal behavior and design 194
5.2.4 Quality control and testing 195
5.2.5 Suitable soils and method limitations 197
5.2.6 Case history: Foundation on vibro
concrete columns in soft alluvial soils 197
6 Environmental considerations
201
6.1 General remarks 201
6.2 Noise emission 202
6.3 Vibration nuisance and potential
damages to adjacent structures 203
6.4 Carbon dioxide emission 209
7 Contractual matters
213
References
219
Index
231