511
Haplotype distribution, 121
Haplotype diversity, 124, 304, 308, 475
Haplotype genealogy, 257
Haplotypes, 59, 60, 99, 121, 124, 130, 181,
257, 258, 303, 307, 308, 311, 410,
443–445, 475
Hardwood quality, 55–82, 324, 335
Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE), 353
Heterozygosity (He), 39, 153, 302, 349, 364,
461, 474, 484
High-intensity breeding, Prosopis
spp., 280–283
High-throughput sequencing (HTS),
20, 455–476
Holocene glaciations, 180, 184
Human genome, 456
Humid Chaco subregion, 218, 220
Humid Chaco walks, 309
Humid vs. Xeric populations, 161–163
Hybridisation, 93, 94, 112, 113
Hybrid swarms, 220, 246, 252, 253, 264, 306,
310, 494
Hybrid zones, 94, 125, 253–254, 334, 348,
357, 359, 362, 368
Hydro-geomorphological processes, 197
Hypsipyla grandella, 377–379, 386
I
Immigrant settler, 330
Inbreeding, 18, 42, 61, 62, 127, 153, 154, 167,
180, 237, 261, 262, 283, 321, 363, 364,
438, 445, 473, 485
Individual flowering, 264
Indole butyric acid (IBA), 435, 442
Informative molecular markers, 251
Instituto Forestal Nacional (IFoNa), 7, 399
Intensive productive system, 231
Internal transcribed spacers (ITS), 334, 345,
357, 359–362, 474
International Tropical Timber Organization
(ITTO), 374
International Union for the Conservation of
Nature (IUCN), 176, 311, 347,
348, 447
Interpopulation differentiation, 101
Intrapopulation variation, 101–103
Introgression, 91, 93–95, 120, 121, 125, 199,
246, 252, 303, 368, 461, 474, 484
Introgressive hybridisation, 93, 94
Irrigation, 12, 16, 67, 73, 77, 141, 161, 186,
224, 260, 288, 324, 376
Isoenzymes, 1, 16, 153, 250, 251, 275
Isozymes, 16, 20, 39, 40, 42, 61, 78, 95, 96,
153, 154, 181, 182, 250–252, 276,
303, 304
J
Juvenile growth habit, 136
Juvenile rootstocks, 285
K
Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes
(KEGG) pathways, 461
L
Lácar genetic zone, 99, 107
Lanín National Park, 31, 36–38, 68, 75, 80,
90, 101, 106, 107, 113, 182, 189, 472
Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), 33, 59, 95,
120, 130, 152–154, 180–184, 311
Leaflet apex (LAPX), 247, 249, 256, 260, 277
Leaflets width (LEW), 246, 247, 249, 256, 277
Length and width of folioles (LEL/LEW),
249, 256, 260, 277
Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), 256
Linkage disequilibrium (LD), 354, 462, 464
Livestock, 9, 11, 37, 38, 42, 68, 129, 176, 180,
190, 191, 199, 220–222, 225, 228, 272,
300, 310, 311, 322, 335, 430
Logging, 39, 80, 81, 127–129, 151, 219, 221,
225, 230, 265, 311, 321–328, 330, 335,
344, 346, 350, 352, 407, 410, 411, 430,
432, 494
Longitudinal Valley in Chile, 91, 95
Low-intensity breeding, 16–21,
139–144, 274–280
Luma apiculata, 41, 42
M
Macrogeographic scale, 247, 250
Magellanic humid forest, 29
Maladaptation and genetic contamination,
129, 309, 483–485
Manual pollination techniques, 108, 110
Manual pollination tests, 110–112
Manuel Belgrano Forest Station, 190, 399,
401, 402, 406–408, 412, 416–420
Mapuche communities, 45, 190
Marker-assisted selection (MAS), 461, 462
Index
Haplotype distribution, 121
Haplotype diversity, 124, 304, 308, 475
Haplotype genealogy, 257
Haplotypes, 59, 60, 99, 121, 124, 130, 181,
257, 258, 303, 307, 308, 311, 410,
443–445, 475
Hardwood quality, 55–82, 324, 335
Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE), 353
Heterozygosity (He), 39, 153, 302, 349, 364,
461, 474, 484
High-intensity breeding, Prosopis
spp., 280–283
High-throughput sequencing (HTS),
20, 455–476
Holocene glaciations, 180, 184
Human genome, 456
Humid Chaco subregion, 218, 220
Humid Chaco walks, 309
Humid vs. Xeric populations, 161–163
Hybridisation, 93, 94, 112, 113
Hybrid swarms, 220, 246, 252, 253, 264, 306,
310, 494
Hybrid zones, 94, 125, 253–254, 334, 348,
357, 359, 362, 368
Hydro-geomorphological processes, 197
Hypsipyla grandella, 377–379, 386
I
Immigrant settler, 330
Inbreeding, 18, 42, 61, 62, 127, 153, 154, 167,
180, 237, 261, 262, 283, 321, 363, 364,
438, 445, 473, 485
Individual flowering, 264
Indole butyric acid (IBA), 435, 442
Informative molecular markers, 251
Instituto Forestal Nacional (IFoNa), 7, 399
Intensive productive system, 231
Internal transcribed spacers (ITS), 334, 345,
357, 359–362, 474
International Tropical Timber Organization
(ITTO), 374
International Union for the Conservation of
Nature (IUCN), 176, 311, 347,
348, 447
Interpopulation differentiation, 101
Intrapopulation variation, 101–103
Introgression, 91, 93–95, 120, 121, 125, 199,
246, 252, 303, 368, 461, 474, 484
Introgressive hybridisation, 93, 94
Irrigation, 12, 16, 67, 73, 77, 141, 161, 186,
224, 260, 288, 324, 376
Isoenzymes, 1, 16, 153, 250, 251, 275
Isozymes, 16, 20, 39, 40, 42, 61, 78, 95, 96,
153, 154, 181, 182, 250–252, 276,
303, 304
J
Juvenile growth habit, 136
Juvenile rootstocks, 285
K
Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes
(KEGG) pathways, 461
L
Lácar genetic zone, 99, 107
Lanín National Park, 31, 36–38, 68, 75, 80,
90, 101, 106, 107, 113, 182, 189, 472
Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), 33, 59, 95,
120, 130, 152–154, 180–184, 311
Leaflet apex (LAPX), 247, 249, 256, 260, 277
Leaflets width (LEW), 246, 247, 249, 256, 277
Length and width of folioles (LEL/LEW),
249, 256, 260, 277
Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), 256
Linkage disequilibrium (LD), 354, 462, 464
Livestock, 9, 11, 37, 38, 42, 68, 129, 176, 180,
190, 191, 199, 220–222, 225, 228, 272,
300, 310, 311, 322, 335, 430
Logging, 39, 80, 81, 127–129, 151, 219, 221,
225, 230, 265, 311, 321–328, 330, 335,
344, 346, 350, 352, 407, 410, 411, 430,
432, 494
Longitudinal Valley in Chile, 91, 95
Low-intensity breeding, 16–21,
139–144, 274–280
Luma apiculata, 41, 42
M
Macrogeographic scale, 247, 250
Magellanic humid forest, 29
Maladaptation and genetic contamination,
129, 309, 483–485
Manual pollination techniques, 108, 110
Manual pollination tests, 110–112
Manuel Belgrano Forest Station, 190, 399,
401, 402, 406–408, 412, 416–420
Mapuche communities, 45, 190
Marker-assisted selection (MAS), 461, 462
Index