445
(Calonga Solís et al. 2014). Five haplotypes were defined, while the divergence time
between haplotypes corresponds to the Pleistocene epoch (Calonga Solís et al.
2014). Demographic analyses performed on the genetic variation in three cpSSRs
support that the current distribution of chloroplastic haplotypes of A. colubrina var.
cebil shows that the Yungas’ populations maintain traces of a later expansion after
its arrival in the region, whereas the Alto Paraná Rainforest shows historical stability (Barrandeguy et al. 2016).
Molecular and phenotypic variability studies (García et al. 2014) showed that
genetic variation was higher in the Selva Pedemontana of the Yungas than in the
Alto Paraná Rainforest, which translates into highly qualified populations for conservation. Seventy individuals from four populations were analyzed. Mean values of
reproductive traits were higher in the Selva Pedemontana (6.66) than in the Alto
Paraná Rainforest (5.45), whereas the mean values of vegetative traits were higher
in the latter (57.80 and 62.90, respectively). Regarding phenotypic variability, populations from Alto Paraná Rainforest showed the highest mean value of number of
seeds per fruit making them valuable as well for management strategies as a means
to recover the impacted areas where these populations are located.
On the other hand, Mazo et al. (2014) analyzing adult individuals of A. colubrina
var. cebil by means of phenotypic traits and molecular markers showed that polygenic traits did not evidence mean reduction in phenotypic values. This result indicates that there was no inbreeding depression, low levels of coancestry, and large
effective sizes despite the small size of the analyzed populations, which are isolated
as results of landscape fragmentation processes. Inbreeding and coancestry increase
homozygosis and create autozygous genotypes, but they did not modify allelic frequencies. This allows to conclude that populations maintain genetic variability that
could be considered as possible sources of adapted germplasm.
However, Goncalves et al. (2019) cautioned for using individuals from Alto
Paraná Rainforest as a source of material for reforestation based on their study
which included saplings and adult trees of A. colubrina var. cebil from Campo San
Juan Nature Reserve (Southern Alto Paraná Rainforest). These authors reported
high inbreeding and relatedness patterns of saplings suggesting a mixed mating
system. Also, they found high genetic diversity, despite recent fragmentation,
together with only moderate genetic structure and signatures of historical expansions, which suggest long-term population viability. In this way, high inbreeding
and differentiated genetic clusters supported their warning to be cautious for using
this stand as a source of material for reforestation.
16.4.2 Domestication Potential of Anadenanthera colubrina
var. cebil in Argentina
The species has a great forestry potential because of its easy reproduction and
highly satisfactory growth (Fig. 16.8) (Tortorelli 2009).
16 Peteribí (Cordia trichotoma), Lapacho Rosado (Handroanthus impetiginosus)...
(Calonga Solís et al. 2014). Five haplotypes were defined, while the divergence time
between haplotypes corresponds to the Pleistocene epoch (Calonga Solís et al.
2014). Demographic analyses performed on the genetic variation in three cpSSRs
support that the current distribution of chloroplastic haplotypes of A. colubrina var.
cebil shows that the Yungas’ populations maintain traces of a later expansion after
its arrival in the region, whereas the Alto Paraná Rainforest shows historical stability (Barrandeguy et al. 2016).
Molecular and phenotypic variability studies (García et al. 2014) showed that
genetic variation was higher in the Selva Pedemontana of the Yungas than in the
Alto Paraná Rainforest, which translates into highly qualified populations for conservation. Seventy individuals from four populations were analyzed. Mean values of
reproductive traits were higher in the Selva Pedemontana (6.66) than in the Alto
Paraná Rainforest (5.45), whereas the mean values of vegetative traits were higher
in the latter (57.80 and 62.90, respectively). Regarding phenotypic variability, populations from Alto Paraná Rainforest showed the highest mean value of number of
seeds per fruit making them valuable as well for management strategies as a means
to recover the impacted areas where these populations are located.
On the other hand, Mazo et al. (2014) analyzing adult individuals of A. colubrina
var. cebil by means of phenotypic traits and molecular markers showed that polygenic traits did not evidence mean reduction in phenotypic values. This result indicates that there was no inbreeding depression, low levels of coancestry, and large
effective sizes despite the small size of the analyzed populations, which are isolated
as results of landscape fragmentation processes. Inbreeding and coancestry increase
homozygosis and create autozygous genotypes, but they did not modify allelic frequencies. This allows to conclude that populations maintain genetic variability that
could be considered as possible sources of adapted germplasm.
However, Goncalves et al. (2019) cautioned for using individuals from Alto
Paraná Rainforest as a source of material for reforestation based on their study
which included saplings and adult trees of A. colubrina var. cebil from Campo San
Juan Nature Reserve (Southern Alto Paraná Rainforest). These authors reported
high inbreeding and relatedness patterns of saplings suggesting a mixed mating
system. Also, they found high genetic diversity, despite recent fragmentation,
together with only moderate genetic structure and signatures of historical expansions, which suggest long-term population viability. In this way, high inbreeding
and differentiated genetic clusters supported their warning to be cautious for using
this stand as a source of material for reforestation.
16.4.2 Domestication Potential of Anadenanthera colubrina
var. cebil in Argentina
The species has a great forestry potential because of its easy reproduction and
highly satisfactory growth (Fig. 16.8) (Tortorelli 2009).
16 Peteribí (Cordia trichotoma), Lapacho Rosado (Handroanthus impetiginosus)...