223
da Rocha MEB, da Chagas Oliveira Freire F, Maia FEF, Guedes MIF, Rondina D (2014) Mycotoxins
and their effects on human and animal health. Food Control 36(1):159–165
Desjardins AE, Hohn TM (1997) Mycotoxins in plant pathogenesis. Mol Plant-Microbe Interact
10:147–152
El Khoury A, Atoui A, Yaghi J (2011) Analysis of aflatoxin M1 in milk and yogurt and AFM1
reduction by lactic acid bacteria used in Lebanese industry. Food Control 22(10):1695–1699
El-Nezami H, Polychronaki N, Salminen S, Mykkänen H (2002) Binding rather than metabolism
may explain the interaction of two food-grade Lactobacillus strains with Zearalenone and its
derivative ɑ́ -Zearalenol. Appl Environ Microbiol 68(7):3545–3549
Es’haghi Z, Sorayaei H, Samadi F, Masrournia M, Bakherad Z (2011) Fabrication of a novel nanocomposite based on sol–gel process for hollow fiber-solid phase microextraction of aflatoxins:
B1 and B2, in cereals combined with high performance liquid chromatography–diode array
detection. J Chromatogr B 879(28):3034–3040
Fearon J (2000) Economic analysis of soil conservation practices in northern Ghana. Department
of Agricultural Economics, University of Ghana, p 75
Filali A, Ouammi L, Betbeder AM, Baudrimont I, Soulaymani R, Benayada A, Creppy EE
(2001) Ochratoxin A in beverages from Morocco: a preliminary survey. Food Addit Contam
18(6):565–568
Fox EM, Howlett BJ (2008) Secondary metabolism: regulation and role in fungal biology. Curr
Opin Microbiol 11(6):481–487
Frisvad JC, Filtenborg O (1983) Classification of terverticillate penicillia based on profiles of
mycotoxins and other secondary metabolites. Appl Environ Microbiol 1983(46):1301–1310
Frisvad JC, Samson RA (2004) Polyphasic taxonomy of Penicillium subgenus Penicillium. A
guide to identification of food and air-borne terverticillate Penicillia and their mycotoxins.
Stud Mycol 49:1–174
Frisvad JC, Thrane U (1996) Mycotoxin production by food borne fungi. In: Samson RA, Hoekstra
ES, Frisvad JC, Filtenborg O (eds) Introduction to food-borne Fungi. Centraalbureau Voor
Schimmelcultures, Baarn, pp 251–260
Frizzell C, Uhlig S, Miles CO, Verhaegen S, Elliott CT, Eriksen GS, Connolly L (2015)
Biotransformation of zearalenone and zearalenols to their major glucuronide metabolites
reduces estrogenic activity. Toxicol In Vitro 29(3):575–581
Gacem MA, El Hadj-Khelil AO (2016) Toxicology, biosynthesis, bio-control of aflatoxin and new
methods of detection. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 6(9):808–814
Gareis M, Scheuer R (2000) Ochratoxin A in meat and meat products. Arch Leb 51:102–104
Hamidi A, Mirnejad R, Yahaghi E, Behnod V, Mirhosseini A, Amani S et al (2013) The aflatoxin
B1 isolating potential of two lactic acid bacteria. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 3(9):732–736
Hashemi M, Taherimaslak Z, Rashidi S (2014) Application of magnetic solid phase extraction for
separation and determination of aflatoxins B1 and B2 in cereal products by high performance
liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection. J Chromatogr B 960:200–208
Holcomb M, Wilson DM, Trucksess MW, Thompson HC Jr (1992) Determination of aflatoxins in
food products by chromatography. J Chromatogr A 624(1–2):341–352
Huuskonen P, Auriola S, Pasanen M (2015) Zearalenone metabolism in human placental subcellular organelles, JEG-3 cells, and recombinant CYP19A1. Placenta 36(9):1052–1055
IARC (1993) Monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans: some naturally
occurring substances: food items and constituents, heterocyclic aromatic amines and mycotoxins, vol 56. International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, pp 1–599
Ilesanmi FF, Ilesanmi OS (2011) Knowledge of aflatoxin contamination in groundnut and the
risk of its ingestion among health workers in Ibadan, Nigeria. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed
1(6):493–495
Ismaiel AA, Papenbrock J (2014) The effects of patulin from Penicillium vulpinum on seedling
growth, root tip ultrastructure and glutathione content of maize. Eur J Plant Pathol 139:497–509
Joubrane K, El Khoury A, Lteif R, Rizk T, Kallassy M, Hilan C, Maroun R (2011) Occurrence of
aflatoxin B1 and ochratoxin A in Lebanese cultivated wheat. Mycotoxin Res 27(4):249–257.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12550-011-0101-z. Epub 2011 May 29. PMID: 23605926
12 Fungal Mycotoxins
da Rocha MEB, da Chagas Oliveira Freire F, Maia FEF, Guedes MIF, Rondina D (2014) Mycotoxins
and their effects on human and animal health. Food Control 36(1):159–165
Desjardins AE, Hohn TM (1997) Mycotoxins in plant pathogenesis. Mol Plant-Microbe Interact
10:147–152
El Khoury A, Atoui A, Yaghi J (2011) Analysis of aflatoxin M1 in milk and yogurt and AFM1
reduction by lactic acid bacteria used in Lebanese industry. Food Control 22(10):1695–1699
El-Nezami H, Polychronaki N, Salminen S, Mykkänen H (2002) Binding rather than metabolism
may explain the interaction of two food-grade Lactobacillus strains with Zearalenone and its
derivative ɑ́ -Zearalenol. Appl Environ Microbiol 68(7):3545–3549
Es’haghi Z, Sorayaei H, Samadi F, Masrournia M, Bakherad Z (2011) Fabrication of a novel nanocomposite based on sol–gel process for hollow fiber-solid phase microextraction of aflatoxins:
B1 and B2, in cereals combined with high performance liquid chromatography–diode array
detection. J Chromatogr B 879(28):3034–3040
Fearon J (2000) Economic analysis of soil conservation practices in northern Ghana. Department
of Agricultural Economics, University of Ghana, p 75
Filali A, Ouammi L, Betbeder AM, Baudrimont I, Soulaymani R, Benayada A, Creppy EE
(2001) Ochratoxin A in beverages from Morocco: a preliminary survey. Food Addit Contam
18(6):565–568
Fox EM, Howlett BJ (2008) Secondary metabolism: regulation and role in fungal biology. Curr
Opin Microbiol 11(6):481–487
Frisvad JC, Filtenborg O (1983) Classification of terverticillate penicillia based on profiles of
mycotoxins and other secondary metabolites. Appl Environ Microbiol 1983(46):1301–1310
Frisvad JC, Samson RA (2004) Polyphasic taxonomy of Penicillium subgenus Penicillium. A
guide to identification of food and air-borne terverticillate Penicillia and their mycotoxins.
Stud Mycol 49:1–174
Frisvad JC, Thrane U (1996) Mycotoxin production by food borne fungi. In: Samson RA, Hoekstra
ES, Frisvad JC, Filtenborg O (eds) Introduction to food-borne Fungi. Centraalbureau Voor
Schimmelcultures, Baarn, pp 251–260
Frizzell C, Uhlig S, Miles CO, Verhaegen S, Elliott CT, Eriksen GS, Connolly L (2015)
Biotransformation of zearalenone and zearalenols to their major glucuronide metabolites
reduces estrogenic activity. Toxicol In Vitro 29(3):575–581
Gacem MA, El Hadj-Khelil AO (2016) Toxicology, biosynthesis, bio-control of aflatoxin and new
methods of detection. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 6(9):808–814
Gareis M, Scheuer R (2000) Ochratoxin A in meat and meat products. Arch Leb 51:102–104
Hamidi A, Mirnejad R, Yahaghi E, Behnod V, Mirhosseini A, Amani S et al (2013) The aflatoxin
B1 isolating potential of two lactic acid bacteria. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 3(9):732–736
Hashemi M, Taherimaslak Z, Rashidi S (2014) Application of magnetic solid phase extraction for
separation and determination of aflatoxins B1 and B2 in cereal products by high performance
liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection. J Chromatogr B 960:200–208
Holcomb M, Wilson DM, Trucksess MW, Thompson HC Jr (1992) Determination of aflatoxins in
food products by chromatography. J Chromatogr A 624(1–2):341–352
Huuskonen P, Auriola S, Pasanen M (2015) Zearalenone metabolism in human placental subcellular organelles, JEG-3 cells, and recombinant CYP19A1. Placenta 36(9):1052–1055
IARC (1993) Monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans: some naturally
occurring substances: food items and constituents, heterocyclic aromatic amines and mycotoxins, vol 56. International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, pp 1–599
Ilesanmi FF, Ilesanmi OS (2011) Knowledge of aflatoxin contamination in groundnut and the
risk of its ingestion among health workers in Ibadan, Nigeria. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed
1(6):493–495
Ismaiel AA, Papenbrock J (2014) The effects of patulin from Penicillium vulpinum on seedling
growth, root tip ultrastructure and glutathione content of maize. Eur J Plant Pathol 139:497–509
Joubrane K, El Khoury A, Lteif R, Rizk T, Kallassy M, Hilan C, Maroun R (2011) Occurrence of
aflatoxin B1 and ochratoxin A in Lebanese cultivated wheat. Mycotoxin Res 27(4):249–257.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12550-011-0101-z. Epub 2011 May 29. PMID: 23605926
12 Fungal Mycotoxins