109
Acknowledgments The authors would like to thank the Ministry of Education (Malaysia) and
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) for HICOE grant No. R.J130000.7851.4 J386.
References
Abas Z, Uzir H, Zahar M (2010) Effect of pH on the biotransformation of (R)-1-(4-bromo-phenyl)ethanol by using Aspergillus niger as biocatalyst. J Appl Sci 10(24):3289–3294
Abdullah R, Farooq I, Kaleem A, Iqtedat M, Iftikhar T (2018) Pectinase production from
Aspergillus niger IBT-7 using solid state fermentation. Bangladesh J Bot 47(3):473–478
Aguilar G, Huitrón C (1990) Constitutive exo-pectinase produced by Aspergillus sp. CH-Y-1043
on different carbon source. Biotechnol Lett 12(9):655–661
Ahmed I, Zia MA, Hussain MA, Akram Z, Naveed MT, Nowrouzi A (2016) Bioprocessing of
citrus waste peel for induced pectinase production by Aspergillus niger; its purification and
characterization. J Rad Res Appl Sci 9(2):148–154
Alimardani TP, Gainvors CA, Duchiron F (2011) Yeasts: an attractive source of pectinases-from
gene expression to potential applications. A review. Process Biochem 46(8):1525–1537
Alkorta I, Garbisu C, Llama MJ, Serra JL (1998) Industrial applications of pectic enzymes: a
review. Process Biochem 33(1):21–28
Alvarez S, Alvarez R, Riera F, Coca J (1998) Influence of depectinization on apple juice ultrafiltration. Colloids Surfaces Physicochem 138:377–382
Anand G, Yadav S, Yadav D (2017) Production, purification and biochemical characterization of
an exo-polygalacturonase from Aspergillus niger MTC 478 suitable for clarification of orange
juice. 3 Biotech 7(122):1–8
Angayarkanni J, Palaniswamy M, Murugesan S, Swaminathan K (2002) Improvement of tea
leaves fermentation with Aspergillus sp. pectinase. J Biosci Bioeng 94:299–303
Arijit D, Sourav B, Naimisha R, Rajan S (2013) Improved production and purification of pectinase
from Streptomyces sp. GHBA10 isolated from Valapattanam mangrove habitat, Kerala, India.
Int Res 2(3):16–22
Arotupin DJ (2007) Effect of different carbon sources on the growth and polygalacturonase activity of Aspergillus flavus isolated from cropped soils. Res J Microbiol 2(4):362–368
Asgher M, Shaha WK, Muhammad B (2016) Optimization of lignocellulolytic enzyme production
by Pleurotus eryngii WC 888 utilizing agro-industrial residues and bio-ethanol production.
Rom Biotech Lett 21(1):11133–11143
Asil MH, Rabiei B, Ansari RH (2012) Optimal fermentation time and temperature to improve
biochemical composition and sensory characteristics of black tea. Aust J Crop Sci 6(3):550
Barbosa OCO, Berenguer-Murcia R, Torres RC, Rodrigues R, Fernandez L (2015) Strategies for
the one-step immobilization-purification of enzymes as industrial biocatalysts. Biotechnol Adv
33:435–456
Barletta A (2010) Thermostability of feed enzymes and their practical application in the feed mill.
In: Bedford MR, Partridge GJ (eds) Sci Food Agric. CABI, Cambridge, pp 1–11
Bayindirli A (2010) Enzymes in fruit and vegetable processing. In: Int J Chem Eng. CRC
Press, Hoboken
Bedford MR (2018) The evolution and application of enzymes in the animal feed industry: the role
of data interpretation. Br Poult Sci 59(5):486–493
Bedford MR, Partridge GG (2001) Enzymes in farm animal nutrition. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr
85:333–334
Bhumibhamon O, Jinda J (1997) Effect of enzyme pectinase on natural cocoa fermentation.
Kasetsart J (Nat Sci) 31:206–212
6 Fungal Pectinases: Production and Applications in Food Industries
Acknowledgments The authors would like to thank the Ministry of Education (Malaysia) and
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) for HICOE grant No. R.J130000.7851.4 J386.
References
Abas Z, Uzir H, Zahar M (2010) Effect of pH on the biotransformation of (R)-1-(4-bromo-phenyl)ethanol by using Aspergillus niger as biocatalyst. J Appl Sci 10(24):3289–3294
Abdullah R, Farooq I, Kaleem A, Iqtedat M, Iftikhar T (2018) Pectinase production from
Aspergillus niger IBT-7 using solid state fermentation. Bangladesh J Bot 47(3):473–478
Aguilar G, Huitrón C (1990) Constitutive exo-pectinase produced by Aspergillus sp. CH-Y-1043
on different carbon source. Biotechnol Lett 12(9):655–661
Ahmed I, Zia MA, Hussain MA, Akram Z, Naveed MT, Nowrouzi A (2016) Bioprocessing of
citrus waste peel for induced pectinase production by Aspergillus niger; its purification and
characterization. J Rad Res Appl Sci 9(2):148–154
Alimardani TP, Gainvors CA, Duchiron F (2011) Yeasts: an attractive source of pectinases-from
gene expression to potential applications. A review. Process Biochem 46(8):1525–1537
Alkorta I, Garbisu C, Llama MJ, Serra JL (1998) Industrial applications of pectic enzymes: a
review. Process Biochem 33(1):21–28
Alvarez S, Alvarez R, Riera F, Coca J (1998) Influence of depectinization on apple juice ultrafiltration. Colloids Surfaces Physicochem 138:377–382
Anand G, Yadav S, Yadav D (2017) Production, purification and biochemical characterization of
an exo-polygalacturonase from Aspergillus niger MTC 478 suitable for clarification of orange
juice. 3 Biotech 7(122):1–8
Angayarkanni J, Palaniswamy M, Murugesan S, Swaminathan K (2002) Improvement of tea
leaves fermentation with Aspergillus sp. pectinase. J Biosci Bioeng 94:299–303
Arijit D, Sourav B, Naimisha R, Rajan S (2013) Improved production and purification of pectinase
from Streptomyces sp. GHBA10 isolated from Valapattanam mangrove habitat, Kerala, India.
Int Res 2(3):16–22
Arotupin DJ (2007) Effect of different carbon sources on the growth and polygalacturonase activity of Aspergillus flavus isolated from cropped soils. Res J Microbiol 2(4):362–368
Asgher M, Shaha WK, Muhammad B (2016) Optimization of lignocellulolytic enzyme production
by Pleurotus eryngii WC 888 utilizing agro-industrial residues and bio-ethanol production.
Rom Biotech Lett 21(1):11133–11143
Asil MH, Rabiei B, Ansari RH (2012) Optimal fermentation time and temperature to improve
biochemical composition and sensory characteristics of black tea. Aust J Crop Sci 6(3):550
Barbosa OCO, Berenguer-Murcia R, Torres RC, Rodrigues R, Fernandez L (2015) Strategies for
the one-step immobilization-purification of enzymes as industrial biocatalysts. Biotechnol Adv
33:435–456
Barletta A (2010) Thermostability of feed enzymes and their practical application in the feed mill.
In: Bedford MR, Partridge GJ (eds) Sci Food Agric. CABI, Cambridge, pp 1–11
Bayindirli A (2010) Enzymes in fruit and vegetable processing. In: Int J Chem Eng. CRC
Press, Hoboken
Bedford MR (2018) The evolution and application of enzymes in the animal feed industry: the role
of data interpretation. Br Poult Sci 59(5):486–493
Bedford MR, Partridge GG (2001) Enzymes in farm animal nutrition. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr
85:333–334
Bhumibhamon O, Jinda J (1997) Effect of enzyme pectinase on natural cocoa fermentation.
Kasetsart J (Nat Sci) 31:206–212
6 Fungal Pectinases: Production and Applications in Food Industries