d) What kind of mutation is this?
Insertion, frame-shift
Answer to Question 2
Genes encoding regulatory proteins, regulatory sequences that control the expression
of genes, genes coding for molecules involved in receiving cellular signals and genes
that code for molecules involved in sending cellular signals to other cells.
Answer to Question 3
DRDRR.
Answer to Question 4
B.
Acknowledgements We are grateful to Dr. Ines Böhme (Institute of Biochemistry (Emil-Fischer
Center), Friedrich–Alexander (University Erlangen–Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany) for critically
reading this text and correcting our mistakes.
References
1. Wakai T, Prasoon P, Hirose Y, Shimada Y, Ichikawa H, Nagahashi M. Next-generation sequencing-based clinical sequencing: toward precision medicine in solid tumors. Int J Clin Oncol.
2019;24(2):115–22.
2. Morganti S, Tarantino P, Ferraro E, D’Amico P, Duso BA, Curigliano G. Next Generation
Sequencing (NGS): a revolutionary technology in pharmacogenomics and personalized medicine
in cancer. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2019;1168:9–30.
3. Morganti S, Tarantino P, Ferraro E, D'Amico P, Viale G, Trapani D, et al. Complexity of genome
sequencing and reporting: Next generation sequencing (NGS) technologies and implementation
of precision medicine in real life. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2019;133:171–82.
4. Morash M, Mitchell H, Beltran H, Elemento O, Pathak J. The role of next-generation sequencing
in precision medicine: a review of outcomes in oncology. J Pers Med. 2018;8(3):30.
5. Gulilat M, Lamb T, Teft WA, Wang J, Dron JS, Robinson JF, et al. Targeted next generation
sequencing as a tool for precision medicine. BMC Med Genomics. 2019;12(1):81.
6. Manzoni C, Kia DA, Vandrovcova J, Hardy J, Wood NW, Lewis PA, et al. Genome,
transcriptome and proteome: the rise of omics data and their integration in biomedical sciences.
Brief Bioinform. 2018;19(2):286–302.
7. Kettman JR, Frey JR, Lefkovits I. Proteome, transcriptome and genome: top down or bottom up
analysis? Biomol Eng. 2001;18(5):207–12.
8. Sleator RD. The genetic code. Rewritten, revised, repurposed. Artif DNA PNA XNA. 2014;5(2):
e29408.
9. Koonin EV, Novozhilov AS. Origin and evolution of the genetic code: the universal enigma.
IUBMB Life. 2009;61(2):99–111.
10. Hershey JW, Sonenberg N, Mathews MB. Principles of translational control: an overview. Cold
Spring Harbor PerspectBiol. 2012;4(12):a011528.
14
A. Bosserhoff and M. Kappelmann-Fenzl
Insertion, frame-shift
Answer to Question 2
Genes encoding regulatory proteins, regulatory sequences that control the expression
of genes, genes coding for molecules involved in receiving cellular signals and genes
that code for molecules involved in sending cellular signals to other cells.
Answer to Question 3
DRDRR.
Answer to Question 4
B.
Acknowledgements We are grateful to Dr. Ines Böhme (Institute of Biochemistry (Emil-Fischer
Center), Friedrich–Alexander (University Erlangen–Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany) for critically
reading this text and correcting our mistakes.
References
1. Wakai T, Prasoon P, Hirose Y, Shimada Y, Ichikawa H, Nagahashi M. Next-generation sequencing-based clinical sequencing: toward precision medicine in solid tumors. Int J Clin Oncol.
2019;24(2):115–22.
2. Morganti S, Tarantino P, Ferraro E, D’Amico P, Duso BA, Curigliano G. Next Generation
Sequencing (NGS): a revolutionary technology in pharmacogenomics and personalized medicine
in cancer. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2019;1168:9–30.
3. Morganti S, Tarantino P, Ferraro E, D'Amico P, Viale G, Trapani D, et al. Complexity of genome
sequencing and reporting: Next generation sequencing (NGS) technologies and implementation
of precision medicine in real life. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2019;133:171–82.
4. Morash M, Mitchell H, Beltran H, Elemento O, Pathak J. The role of next-generation sequencing
in precision medicine: a review of outcomes in oncology. J Pers Med. 2018;8(3):30.
5. Gulilat M, Lamb T, Teft WA, Wang J, Dron JS, Robinson JF, et al. Targeted next generation
sequencing as a tool for precision medicine. BMC Med Genomics. 2019;12(1):81.
6. Manzoni C, Kia DA, Vandrovcova J, Hardy J, Wood NW, Lewis PA, et al. Genome,
transcriptome and proteome: the rise of omics data and their integration in biomedical sciences.
Brief Bioinform. 2018;19(2):286–302.
7. Kettman JR, Frey JR, Lefkovits I. Proteome, transcriptome and genome: top down or bottom up
analysis? Biomol Eng. 2001;18(5):207–12.
8. Sleator RD. The genetic code. Rewritten, revised, repurposed. Artif DNA PNA XNA. 2014;5(2):
e29408.
9. Koonin EV, Novozhilov AS. Origin and evolution of the genetic code: the universal enigma.
IUBMB Life. 2009;61(2):99–111.
10. Hershey JW, Sonenberg N, Mathews MB. Principles of translational control: an overview. Cold
Spring Harbor PerspectBiol. 2012;4(12):a011528.
14
A. Bosserhoff and M. Kappelmann-Fenzl