Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
242 Chemistry: Matter and Change
Solving Problems: A Chemistry Handbook
SOLVING PROBLEMS:
A CHEMISTRY HANDBOOK
CHAPTER 23
The order of these four nitrogen bases along one of the DNA
chains provides the information for the sequences of amino acids in
proteins. Cell mechanisms “read” the DNA sequence in groups of
three bases called triplets. Each triplet codes for a specific amino
acid or tells the cell to start or stop making a protein.
Practice Problems
Select the term in Column B that best matches the phrase in
Column A.
Column A
Column B
15. Hold the two chains of DNA
together
16. The sugar found in RNA
17. Forms the code for one amino acid
18. A base found in DNA
19. The shape of a DNA molecule
20. The molecule whose structure is
encoded by DNA
21. The monomers in DNA and RNA
23.5 Metabolism
Metabolism refers to all the chemical reactions that take place in an
organism. Catabolism refers to those reactions that break down
large molecules—such as polysaccharides, proteins, and triglycerides—into smaller molecules. The opposite of catabolism is
anabolism, in which smaller molecules are used to build larger molecules. In general, anabolic reactions require an input of energy, and
catabolic reactions release energy.
Energy exchange in cells is carried out by molecules of ATP
(adenosine triphosphate). To store the energy from catabolic reactions, cells carry out a reaction in which the energy is used to bond a
third phosphate group to ADP (adenosine diphosphate), forming
ATP. To release the stored energy for anabolic reactions, cells
remove the third phosphate group from ATP, forming ADP.
a. thymine
b. hydrogen bonds
c. triplet
d. protein
e. double helix
f. nucleotides
g. ribose
242 Chemistry: Matter and Change
Solving Problems: A Chemistry Handbook
SOLVING PROBLEMS:
A CHEMISTRY HANDBOOK
CHAPTER 23
The order of these four nitrogen bases along one of the DNA
chains provides the information for the sequences of amino acids in
proteins. Cell mechanisms “read” the DNA sequence in groups of
three bases called triplets. Each triplet codes for a specific amino
acid or tells the cell to start or stop making a protein.
Practice Problems
Select the term in Column B that best matches the phrase in
Column A.
Column A
Column B
15. Hold the two chains of DNA
together
16. The sugar found in RNA
17. Forms the code for one amino acid
18. A base found in DNA
19. The shape of a DNA molecule
20. The molecule whose structure is
encoded by DNA
21. The monomers in DNA and RNA
23.5 Metabolism
Metabolism refers to all the chemical reactions that take place in an
organism. Catabolism refers to those reactions that break down
large molecules—such as polysaccharides, proteins, and triglycerides—into smaller molecules. The opposite of catabolism is
anabolism, in which smaller molecules are used to build larger molecules. In general, anabolic reactions require an input of energy, and
catabolic reactions release energy.
Energy exchange in cells is carried out by molecules of ATP
(adenosine triphosphate). To store the energy from catabolic reactions, cells carry out a reaction in which the energy is used to bond a
third phosphate group to ADP (adenosine diphosphate), forming
ATP. To release the stored energy for anabolic reactions, cells
remove the third phosphate group from ATP, forming ADP.
a. thymine
b. hydrogen bonds
c. triplet
d. protein
e. double helix
f. nucleotides
g. ribose