Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Solving Problems: A Chemistry Handbook
Chemistry: Matter and Change
229
SOLVING PROBLEMS:
A CHEMISTRY HANDBOOK
CHAPTER 22
methyl group. The right-hand alkyl group is a butyl group.
Butyl comes before methyl alphabetically; therefore, the butyl
group is named first. The word methyl is added directly to the
end of the word butyl. The separate word ether is then written.
The name of the compound is butylmethyl ether.
b. The compound is an amine because it contains nitrogen in the
form of amino groups. The carbon chain has four carbon atoms,
making it a butyl chain. Because there is more than one amino
group, the carbon part is named using the alkane name, butane.
The suffix -amine is preceded with tri- because there are three
amino groups. The prefixes 1, 3, and 3- are added to indicate
the positions of the amino groups. The name of the compound
is 1,3,3-butanetriamine.
Practice Problems
5. Classify each of the following as an ether or an amine, and
name the compound.
6. Write the structure for each of the following.
a. butylpropyl ether
b. 1-propylamine
c. 1,1,2,4-butanetetraamine
22.3 Carbonyl Compounds
A group made up of an oxygen atom double-bonded to a carbon
atom is called a carbonyl group. An aldehyde is an organic compound in which a carbonyl group located at the end of a carbon
chain is bonded to a carbon atom on one side and a hydrogen atom
on the other. Aldehyde molecules tend to be polar but cannot form
hydrogen bonds among themselves. Thus, aldehydes have lower
boiling points than the corresponding alcohols. Aldehydes are
named by replacing the final -e of the corresponding alkane with the
suffix -al.
H C
H
H
C C
H
H
NH 2
H
H
H
NH 2
H
C C H
a.
H C
H
H
O C
H
H
H
b.