Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
228 Chemistry: Matter and Change
Solving Problems: A Chemistry Handbook
SOLVING PROBLEMS:
A CHEMISTRY HANDBOOK
CHAPTER 22
Practice Problems
3. Name the alcohols with the following structures.
4. Draw structures for the alcohols that have the following names.
a. 2-butanol
b. 1,2-butanediol c. 2-methyl-1-butanol
Ethers and amines An ether is an organic compound that contains an oxygen atom bonded to two carbon atoms. Ether molecules
cannot form hydrogen bonds with each other and thus tend to have
much lower boiling points than alcohols of similar size and mass.
Ethers are named by first naming the two alkyl groups that are connected to the oxygen and then adding the word ether. If the two
groups are the same, the group is named only once, without a prefix.
If the groups are different, they are named in alphabetical order.
An amine is an organic compound that contains nitrogen atoms
bonded to carbon atoms in aliphatic chains or aromatic rings. The
–NH 2 group in amines is called the amino group. Volatile amines tend
to have offensive odors. Amines are named by first writing the name of
the alkyl chain, followed by the suffix -amine. A number prefix indicates the position of the amino group. If there is more than one amino
group, the alkane name, rather than that of the alkyl chain, is written
first. Then di-, tri-, and so on are added just before the suffix -amine.
Example Problem 22-4
Naming Ethers and Amines
Classify each compound as an ether or an amine, and name the
compound.
a. The compound is an ether because it contains an oxygen atom
bonded to two carbon atoms. The left-hand alkyl group is a
H C
H
H
C
O
C
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
C C H
a.
H C
H
H
C C
NH 2
NH 2
H
NH 2
H
H
C H
b.
▲
H C C
H
H
H
H
H
H
OH
C
H
C
H
H C
H
H
C C
H
H
OH
H
OH
H
H
H
C C
H
H
C
H
b.
a.