44
human interest, although it might be valuable information. At present, it seems that
the One Health concept, particularly involving antimicrobial resistance detection in
humans and animals, is not well revealed in current human or veterinary surveillance systems (Table 2.2).
Table 2.2 Surveillance programmes in livestock of European Union or multiple countries
Origin
Bacteria
Animals
and
derived
meat
Origin of samples
Susceptibility
test
Readout
EU (EU
member
states)
• Campylobacter
jejuni and
Campylobacter coli
• Salmonella spp.
• Escherichia coli
• Enterococcus
faecium and E.
faecalis
• ESBL or AmpC
or carbapenemase
producing E. coli
and Salmonella
spp.
Poultry
(broilers,
laying
hens,
fattening
turkeys),
Bovids,
Pigs
Slaughterhouse,
Farm, Retail
Diffusion
tests, Dilution
tests
Epidemiologic
cut-off values
EASSA
(industry)
• E. coli
• Salmonella spp.
• Enterococcus
• Campylobacter
Pigs,
Broiler
chickens,
Beef
cattle,
Slaughter
Intestinal samples
collected at
slaughter
Microdilution
CLSI &
EUCAST/
EFSA Clinical
breakpoints
VetPath
(industry)
• E. coli
• Staphylococcus
aureus
• Histophilus somni
• Mannheimia
haemolytica
• Pasteurella
multocida
• P. multocida
• Bordetella
bronchiseptica
• Haemophilus
parasuis
• Actinobacillus
pleuropneumoniae
• Streptococcus
uberis
• Streptococcus
suis
Pigs,
Cattle
Nasopharyngeal/
nasal swabs or
Lung samples;
mastitis samples
Microdilution
CLSI
breakpoints
Adapted from Schrijver et al. 2018
S. Kumar et al.