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Phytotechnology with Biomass Production
TABLE 10.3
M. × giganteus Biomass Elemental Content and Calorific Value
Country
Austria
Germany
Denmark
Greece
Age of stand (years)
3
3
3–5
2–3
Month of harvest
January/
February/
January/
End of growing
February
March
April
season
Water content (% fresh water)
30
16–28
21–48
38–44
Ash (% dry matter)
2.79
1.62–4.02
-
1.60
N (% dry matter)
0.49
0.19–0.39
0.58–0.67
0.33
P (% dry matter)
-
-
-
K (% dry matter)
-
0.52–0.94
0.31–0.48
-
S (% dry matter)
0.04
0.07–0.10
-
-
Cl (% dry matter)
0.24
0.10–0.17
0.04–0.12
-
C (% dry matter)
48.3
47.8–49.7
-
-
Calorific value (MJ kg -1 )
19.12
17.05–18.54
-
-
Source: Modified from Lewandowski et al. (2000).
TABLE 10.4
The Calorific Value of Miscanthus Biomass While Produced in the Regular
Agricultural Soil
Location of the
Miscanthus Plantation
Harvesting Time
HHV (MJ kg −1 )
Reference
Croatia
Autumn & winter &
18.19 ± 0.27 b
Bilandzija et al. (2017)
spring
France
n/d
17.80 b
Jeguirim et al. (2010)
Germany
March
17.74
Michel et al. (2006)
Poland
July
19.04 b
Dukiewicz et al. (2014)
Spain
n/d
18.07 ± 0.16 b
García et al. (2012)
United Kingdom
October
17.5 4± 0.13 a
Jensen et al. (2017)
United Kingdom
February
17.58 ± 0.05 a
Jensen et al. (2017)
United Kingdom
September
18.20 a
Mos et al. (2013)
United Kingdom
February
18.80 a
Mos et al. (2013)
United Kingdom
February
19.19 ± 0.30 a
Baxter et al. (2014)
Source: Modified from Nebeska et al. (2019).
a Calculation from ultimate analysis.

b Calorimetry.

as combustion temperature, fluidizing gas velocity, and additives (Morris
et al., 2018). To date, ashes (bottom ash and fly ash) obtained after combustion are currently (around 70%) landfilled (Cruz et al., 2019). To valorize biomass ash, the biomass will be treated through hot water washing before the
combustion process to remove the problematic chemical elements from the
biomass efficiently and reduce acid gas formation and corrosion in the boiler
(Gudka et al., 2016).