187
Miscanthus Biomass for Energy
neapolitana strains to achieve hydrogen yields of 2.9 to 3.4 mol H 2 per mol of
hexose, corresponding with 74%–85% of sugar yield (de Vrije et al., 2009).
Although pretreatment functions to boost sugar conversion yield, effectiveness of the chosen pretreatment should be comprehensively determined by
all-sided criteria, including sugar loss, inhibitor formation, sugar conversion
yield, and capital input.
10.5 Thermochemical Conversion
Thermochemical conversion technologies, including combustion, pyrolysis,
and gasification, are commonly utilized to produce heat, power, bio-oil, and
syngas from lignocellulosic biomass (Liu et al., 2017; Saidur et al., 2011). The
absence or presence of oxygen is the crucial difference between combustion
and pyrolysis. The thermochemical conversion of Miscanthus biomass is
discussed in the next section.
10.5.1 Heat and Power Generation
It has been reported that more than 90% of the world’s bioenergy was
obtained from the direct combustion of lignocellulosic biomass due to its
high maneuverability and economic characteristics (Vassilev et al., 2013), as
shown in Figure 10.1.
The calorific value is one of the most important parameters of biomass
intended for use as a source of energy. The calorific value can be determined
as higher heating value (HHV) which is the amount of heat released during
fuel combustion when all products are turned back to precombustion state
(25°C), so the heat of water condensation is included in value.
M. × giganteus elemental content and calorific value when the crop is
produced at the regular agricultural land are summed up in Table 10.3
(Lewandowski et al., 2000) and Table 10.4 (Nebeska et al., 2019).
The use of Miscanthus biomass to produce heat and power, and the interconnection between combustion properties and agronomy practices (flowering, fertilization, senescence, and harvesting time), particle size, and
genotypes are described (Baxter et al., 2012, 2014; Bilandzija et al., 2017;
Clifton-Brown et al., 2004; Finnan & Burke, 2016; Iqbal & Lewandowski, 2016;
Iqbal et al., 2017; Jensen et al., 2017; Lanzerstorfer, 2019; Meehan et al., 2013;
Osman et al., 2017; Wilk et al., 2017). However, the presence of high quantities
of alkali metal species in biomass ash often results in the formation of liquid
phases such as alkali sulfates, silicates, and chlorides during combustion,
which is responsible in slagging, fouling, corrosions, and agglomeration of
bed material (Cruz et al., 2019; Morris et al., 2018; Nunes et al., 2016). In addition, the agglomeration severity is also related to operational variables, such
Miscanthus Biomass for Energy
neapolitana strains to achieve hydrogen yields of 2.9 to 3.4 mol H 2 per mol of
hexose, corresponding with 74%–85% of sugar yield (de Vrije et al., 2009).
Although pretreatment functions to boost sugar conversion yield, effectiveness of the chosen pretreatment should be comprehensively determined by
all-sided criteria, including sugar loss, inhibitor formation, sugar conversion
yield, and capital input.
10.5 Thermochemical Conversion
Thermochemical conversion technologies, including combustion, pyrolysis,
and gasification, are commonly utilized to produce heat, power, bio-oil, and
syngas from lignocellulosic biomass (Liu et al., 2017; Saidur et al., 2011). The
absence or presence of oxygen is the crucial difference between combustion
and pyrolysis. The thermochemical conversion of Miscanthus biomass is
discussed in the next section.
10.5.1 Heat and Power Generation
It has been reported that more than 90% of the world’s bioenergy was
obtained from the direct combustion of lignocellulosic biomass due to its
high maneuverability and economic characteristics (Vassilev et al., 2013), as
shown in Figure 10.1.
The calorific value is one of the most important parameters of biomass
intended for use as a source of energy. The calorific value can be determined
as higher heating value (HHV) which is the amount of heat released during
fuel combustion when all products are turned back to precombustion state
(25°C), so the heat of water condensation is included in value.
M. × giganteus elemental content and calorific value when the crop is
produced at the regular agricultural land are summed up in Table 10.3
(Lewandowski et al., 2000) and Table 10.4 (Nebeska et al., 2019).
The use of Miscanthus biomass to produce heat and power, and the interconnection between combustion properties and agronomy practices (flowering, fertilization, senescence, and harvesting time), particle size, and
genotypes are described (Baxter et al., 2012, 2014; Bilandzija et al., 2017;
Clifton-Brown et al., 2004; Finnan & Burke, 2016; Iqbal & Lewandowski, 2016;
Iqbal et al., 2017; Jensen et al., 2017; Lanzerstorfer, 2019; Meehan et al., 2013;
Osman et al., 2017; Wilk et al., 2017). However, the presence of high quantities
of alkali metal species in biomass ash often results in the formation of liquid
phases such as alkali sulfates, silicates, and chlorides during combustion,
which is responsible in slagging, fouling, corrosions, and agglomeration of
bed material (Cruz et al., 2019; Morris et al., 2018; Nunes et al., 2016). In addition, the agglomeration severity is also related to operational variables, such