436
Index
Plutonium (Pu) (Continued)
contents of, 392
exposure to, 391
health effects of, 391
intake of, 392
isotopes of, 389
mobile species of, 390
radionuclides of, 389–392
Polonium (Po)
in humans, 250–252
isotopes, 249
in marine environment, 251
in phosphate fertilizers, 250
in plants, 250
radioactive, 250
radioactivity hazard of, 249
in soils, 249
in tobacco, 250
in waters, 250
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), 47, 51
Primary Pb, 167
Provisional maximum tolerable daily intake
(PMTDI), 150, 163, 363
Provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI),
5, 20, 61, 209, 333
Pulmonary baritosis, 27
Q
Quartz (SiO 2 ), 295
R
Radioactive Sr. See Strontium 90
Radium (Ra)
in air, 254–255
in humans
dietary exposure to, 256
health effects of, 255
in medical treatment, 255
occupational exposure to, 256
minerals of, 253
in plants, 255
in soils, 253–254
sources of, 253, 254
in waters, 254
Radon (Rn)
associated minerals of, 257
in environment
concentrations of, 258
exposure to, 257
pollution by, 257
in humans
exposure to, 258
inhalation of, 258
therapeutic use of, 259
Rare earth element (REE), 351, 371, 381
Recommended dietary allowance (RDA)
of vitamin B 12 , 92
Rhenium (Re)
associated minerals of, 261
in environment, 261
in humans, 261–262
oxidation state of, 261
production in 2010, 261
Rhodium (Rh)
in coal, 263
dietary exposure of, 265
in environment, 263
in food, 264
in humans, 264–265
minerals of, 263
oxidation state of, 263
production of, 263
in rocks, 263
in soils, 263
in waters, concentration of, 263–264
Rock salt, 71
Rubidium (Rb)
in air, 268, 268t
in coal, 267
in foodstuff, 270t
in humans
concentration of, 269
effects of clinical studies, 270–271
exposure to, 271
intake of, 271
mining of, 267
oxidation state of, 267
in plants, 269
in rocks, 267
in soils, 267, 268t
in waters, 267–268, 268t
Ruthenium (Ru)
dietary exposure to, 275
in environment, 273
in foodstuff, 274t
in humans, 274–275
oxidation states of, 273
production of, 273
radionuclides of, 274
S
Scandium (Sc)
in air, 278, 278t
in coal, 277
in food, 279
in humans, 279
in industrial sector, 277
intake of, 279
minerals of, 277
Index
Plutonium (Pu) (Continued)
contents of, 392
exposure to, 391
health effects of, 391
intake of, 392
isotopes of, 389
mobile species of, 390
radionuclides of, 389–392
Polonium (Po)
in humans, 250–252
isotopes, 249
in marine environment, 251
in phosphate fertilizers, 250
in plants, 250
radioactive, 250
radioactivity hazard of, 249
in soils, 249
in tobacco, 250
in waters, 250
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), 47, 51
Primary Pb, 167
Provisional maximum tolerable daily intake
(PMTDI), 150, 163, 363
Provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI),
5, 20, 61, 209, 333
Pulmonary baritosis, 27
Q
Quartz (SiO 2 ), 295
R
Radioactive Sr. See Strontium 90
Radium (Ra)
in air, 254–255
in humans
dietary exposure to, 256
health effects of, 255
in medical treatment, 255
occupational exposure to, 256
minerals of, 253
in plants, 255
in soils, 253–254
sources of, 253, 254
in waters, 254
Radon (Rn)
associated minerals of, 257
in environment
concentrations of, 258
exposure to, 257
pollution by, 257
in humans
exposure to, 258
inhalation of, 258
therapeutic use of, 259
Rare earth element (REE), 351, 371, 381
Recommended dietary allowance (RDA)
of vitamin B 12 , 92
Rhenium (Re)
associated minerals of, 261
in environment, 261
in humans, 261–262
oxidation state of, 261
production in 2010, 261
Rhodium (Rh)
in coal, 263
dietary exposure of, 265
in environment, 263
in food, 264
in humans, 264–265
minerals of, 263
oxidation state of, 263
production of, 263
in rocks, 263
in soils, 263
in waters, concentration of, 263–264
Rock salt, 71
Rubidium (Rb)
in air, 268, 268t
in coal, 267
in foodstuff, 270t
in humans
concentration of, 269
effects of clinical studies, 270–271
exposure to, 271
intake of, 271
mining of, 267
oxidation state of, 267
in plants, 269
in rocks, 267
in soils, 267, 268t
in waters, 267–268, 268t
Ruthenium (Ru)
dietary exposure to, 275
in environment, 273
in foodstuff, 274t
in humans, 274–275
oxidation states of, 273
production of, 273
radionuclides of, 274
S
Scandium (Sc)
in air, 278, 278t
in coal, 277
in food, 279
in humans, 279
in industrial sector, 277
intake of, 279
minerals of, 277