Figure 10.3
Figure 10.4
205
Bacterial Nanocellulose Biomaterials with Controlled Architecture
Circumferential fibers
Radial fibers
Deep zone
Superficial zone with
random fiber network
Figure 10.3
Meniscus.fiber.collagen.network.showing.radial.fibers.integrated.with.circumferential.fibers.
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
1.2314×10
4
5.4562×10
9
×10
7
Figure 10.4
(See color insert.).Meniscus.design.with.channels.100.μm.wide.separated.by.PDMS.barriers.
that.are.100.μm.thick..Gradient.of.the.inner.product.of.the.electric.field.modeled.at.5.V.and.1.Hz.
movement..According.to.the.model.in.Figure 10.4,.the.highest.gradients.of.
the.electric.field.are.expected.to.be.where.the.horns.of.the.meniscus.should.
be.located,.resulting.in.uniform.movement.across.the.entire.region.instead.
of. at. certain. locations. within. the. meniscus.. Experimentally,. the. bacteria.
movement.was.seen.using.20.V.peak.to.peak.at.1.Hz.and.can.be.optimized.
by. adjusting. the. amplitude.. Adjusting. the. amplitude. will. fine. tune. the.
. bacteria.oscillation.distance,.which.can.affect.the.density.of.each.layer.and.
the.surface.morphology.
Dielectrophoresis. can. be. used. to. move. bacteria. in. a. radial. pattern. by.
applying.a.field.between.the.inner.and.outer.radius.of.the.meniscus.mold..
This.produces.a.gradient.with.an.exact.analytical.solution..Moving.bacteria.
in.a.circumferential.pattern,.however,.is.a.challenge.if.dielectrophoresis.is.
used.alone..We.found.that.by.slightly.increasing.the.height.of.the.medium.
from.one.end.of.the.meniscus.form.to.the.other,.we.create.the.nonuniform.
Figure 10.4
205
Bacterial Nanocellulose Biomaterials with Controlled Architecture
Circumferential fibers
Radial fibers
Deep zone
Superficial zone with
random fiber network
Figure 10.3
Meniscus.fiber.collagen.network.showing.radial.fibers.integrated.with.circumferential.fibers.
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
1.2314×10
4
5.4562×10
9
×10
7
Figure 10.4
(See color insert.).Meniscus.design.with.channels.100.μm.wide.separated.by.PDMS.barriers.
that.are.100.μm.thick..Gradient.of.the.inner.product.of.the.electric.field.modeled.at.5.V.and.1.Hz.
movement..According.to.the.model.in.Figure 10.4,.the.highest.gradients.of.
the.electric.field.are.expected.to.be.where.the.horns.of.the.meniscus.should.
be.located,.resulting.in.uniform.movement.across.the.entire.region.instead.
of. at. certain. locations. within. the. meniscus.. Experimentally,. the. bacteria.
movement.was.seen.using.20.V.peak.to.peak.at.1.Hz.and.can.be.optimized.
by. adjusting. the. amplitude.. Adjusting. the. amplitude. will. fine. tune. the.
. bacteria.oscillation.distance,.which.can.affect.the.density.of.each.layer.and.
the.surface.morphology.
Dielectrophoresis. can. be. used. to. move. bacteria. in. a. radial. pattern. by.
applying.a.field.between.the.inner.and.outer.radius.of.the.meniscus.mold..
This.produces.a.gradient.with.an.exact.analytical.solution..Moving.bacteria.
in.a.circumferential.pattern,.however,.is.a.challenge.if.dielectrophoresis.is.
used.alone..We.found.that.by.slightly.increasing.the.height.of.the.medium.
from.one.end.of.the.meniscus.form.to.the.other,.we.create.the.nonuniform.