Figure 10.2
F DEP .=.μ DEP ∇(EnE).
204
Bacterial Cellulose
30 µm
Figure 10.2
Aligned.bacterial.cellulose.nanofibers.
Furthermore,.direct.control.of.bacteria.can.also.be.applied.using.dielectrophoresis,.where.nonuniform.electric.fields.are.utilized..A.dielectrophoretic.
force.on.a.particle,.neutral.or.charged,.drives.the.particle.toward.regions.of.
maximal.field.gradient..The.extent.of.the.force.is.dependent.on.the.particle’s.
size.and.shape,.electrical.properties.of.the.particle.relative.to.the.medium,.
the.frequency.applied,.and.the.geometric.shape.in.coordination.with.where.
the.field.is.applied..The.dielectrophoretic.mobility.term,.μ DEP ,.encompasses.
these.attributes.with.the.exception.of.the.gradient.of.the.inner.product.of.the.
electric.field,.∇(EnE):
The. capability. of. aligning. fiber. direction. using. electrophoresis. and.
dielectrophoresis. is. a. large. step. for. creating. whole. complex. engineered.
structures.such.as.a.meniscus..The.need.for.controlling.the.3D.morphology.
of.a.. meniscus,.for.example,.results.from.the.collagen.fiber.structure.influencing.the.mechanical.integrity..This.fiber.structure.is.composed.of.radial.
fibers.integrated.into.an.arrangement.of.circumferential.fibers,.as.seen.in.
Figure 10.3.
With.electrophoresis,.dielectrophoresis,.or.both,.G. xylinus.can.be.manipulated.to.create.circumferential.fibers.and.radial.fibers.as.needed..Since.the.
cellulose.grows.at.the.air–liquid.interface,.one.layer.can.be.made.at.a.time.
with.a.focus.on.circumferential.fibers.or.radial.fibers..A.two-dimensional.
(2D). meniscus. structure. was. designed. and. modeled. using. the. Laplace.
equation. to. determine. regions. where. the. gradient. of. the. electric. field. is.
highest.. At. these. locations,. the. dielectrophoretic. force. attracts. bacteria.
F DEP .=.μ DEP ∇(EnE).
204
Bacterial Cellulose
30 µm
Figure 10.2
Aligned.bacterial.cellulose.nanofibers.
Furthermore,.direct.control.of.bacteria.can.also.be.applied.using.dielectrophoresis,.where.nonuniform.electric.fields.are.utilized..A.dielectrophoretic.
force.on.a.particle,.neutral.or.charged,.drives.the.particle.toward.regions.of.
maximal.field.gradient..The.extent.of.the.force.is.dependent.on.the.particle’s.
size.and.shape,.electrical.properties.of.the.particle.relative.to.the.medium,.
the.frequency.applied,.and.the.geometric.shape.in.coordination.with.where.
the.field.is.applied..The.dielectrophoretic.mobility.term,.μ DEP ,.encompasses.
these.attributes.with.the.exception.of.the.gradient.of.the.inner.product.of.the.
electric.field,.∇(EnE):
The. capability. of. aligning. fiber. direction. using. electrophoresis. and.
dielectrophoresis. is. a. large. step. for. creating. whole. complex. engineered.
structures.such.as.a.meniscus..The.need.for.controlling.the.3D.morphology.
of.a.. meniscus,.for.example,.results.from.the.collagen.fiber.structure.influencing.the.mechanical.integrity..This.fiber.structure.is.composed.of.radial.
fibers.integrated.into.an.arrangement.of.circumferential.fibers,.as.seen.in.
Figure 10.3.
With.electrophoresis,.dielectrophoresis,.or.both,.G. xylinus.can.be.manipulated.to.create.circumferential.fibers.and.radial.fibers.as.needed..Since.the.
cellulose.grows.at.the.air–liquid.interface,.one.layer.can.be.made.at.a.time.
with.a.focus.on.circumferential.fibers.or.radial.fibers..A.two-dimensional.
(2D). meniscus. structure. was. designed. and. modeled. using. the. Laplace.
equation. to. determine. regions. where. the. gradient. of. the. electric. field. is.
highest.. At. these. locations,. the. dielectrophoretic. force. attracts. bacteria.