63
Signaling Pathways in AP Patterning
Ploper, D., H.X. Lee, and E.M. De Robertis. 2011. Dorsal-ventral
patterning: Crescent is a dorsally secreted Frizzled-related
protein that competitively inhibits Tolloid proteases. Dev
Biol. 352:317–328.
Polevoy, H., Y.E. Gutkovich, A. Michaelov, Y. Volovik, Y.M.
Elkouby, and D. Frank. 2019. New roles for Wnt and
BMP signaling in neural anteroposterior patterning.
EMBO Rep. 20.
Pownall, M.E., H.V. Isaacs, and J.M. Slack. 1998. Two phases of
Hox gene regulation during early Xenopus development.
Curr Biol. 8:673–676.
Pownall, M.E., A.S. Tucker, J.M. Slack, and H.V. Isaacs. 1996.
eFGF, Xcad3 and Hox genes form a molecular pathway that establishes the anteroposterior axis in Xenopus.
Development. 122:3881–3892.
Pownall, M.E., B.E. Welm, K.W. Freeman, D.M. Spencer, J.M.
Rosen, and H.V. Isaacs. 2003. An inducible system for the
study of FGF signalling in early amphibian development.
Developmental Biology. 256:90–100.
Rankin, S.A., K.W. McCracken, D.M. Luedeke, L. Han, J.M.
Wells, J.M. Shannon, and A.M. Zorn. 2018. Timing is everything: Reiterative Wnt, BMP and RA signaling regulate
developmental competence during endoderm organogenesis.
Dev Biol. 434:121–132.
Rauschenberger, V., D.B. Bernkopf, S. Krenn, K. Jalal, J. Heller,
J. Behrens, M. Gentzel, and A. Schambony. 2017. The phosphatase Pgam5 antagonizes Wnt/beta-Catenin signaling in
embryonic anterior-posterior axis patterning. Development.
144:2234–2247.
Ribisi, S., Jr., F.V. Mariani, E. Aamar, T.M. Lamb, D. Frank, and
R.M. Harland. 2000. Ras-mediated FGF signaling is required
for the formation of posterior but not anterior neural tissue in
Xenopus laevis. Dev Biol. 227:183–196.
Richard-Parpaillon, L., C. Heligon, F. Chesnel, D. Boujard, and
A. Philpott. 2002. The IGF pathway regulates head formation by inhibiting Wnt signaling in Xenopus. Dev Biol.
244:407–417.
Roche, D.D., K.J. Liu, R.M. Harland, and A.H. Monsoro-Burq.
2009. Dazap2 is required for FGF-mediated posterior neural
patterning, independent of Wnt and Cdx function. Dev Biol.
333:26–36.
Ruiz i Altaba, A., and T. Jessell. 1991a. Retinoic acid modif es
mesodermal patterning in early Xenopus embryos. Genes
Dev. 5:175–187.
Ruiz i Altaba, A., and T.M. Jessell. 1991b. Retinoic acid modifes the pattern of cell differentiation in the central nervous
system of neurula stage Xenopus embryos. Development.
112:945–958.
Saha, M.S., and R.M. Grainger. 1992. A labile period in the determination of the anterior-posterior axis during early neural
development in Xenopus. Neuron. 8:1003–1014.
Sasai, Y., B. Lu, H. Steinbeisser, and E.M. De Robertis. 1995.
Regulation of neural induction by the Chd and Bmp-4 antagonistic patterning signals in Xenopus. Nature. 376:333–336.
Sasai, Y., B. Lu, H. Steinbeisser, D. Geissert, L.K. Gont, and E.M.
De Robertis. 1994. Xenopus chordin: A novel dorsalizing
factor activated by organizer-specifc homeobox genes. Cell.
79:779–790.
Sato, S.M., and T.D. Sargent. 1989. Development of neural inducing capacity in dissociated Xenopus embryos. Dev Biol.
134:263–266.
Saxen, L., and S. Toivonen. 1961. The two-gradient hypothesis
in primary induction: The combined effect of two types of
inductors mixed in different ratios. J Embryol Exp Morphol.
9:514–533.
Saxen, L., S. Toivonen, and T. Vainio. 1964. Initial stimulus and
subsequent interactions in embryonic induction. J Embryol
Exp Morphol. 12:333–338.
Schyr, R.B., Y. Shabtai, C.S. Shashikant, and A. Fainsod. 2012.
Cdx1 is essential for the initiation of HoxC8 expression during early embryogenesis. FASEB J. 26:2674–2684.
Semenov, M.V., K. Tamai, B.K. Brott, M. Kuhl, S. Sokol, and X.
He. 2001. Head inducer Dickkopf-1 is a ligand for Wnt coreceptor LRP6. Curr Biol. 11:951–961.
Sharpe, C.R., A. Fritz, E.M. De Robertis, and J.B. Gurdon. 1987.
A homeobox-containing marker of posterior neural differentiation shows the importance of predetermination in neural
induction. Cell. 50:749–758.
Sharpe, C.R., and J.B. Gurdon. 1990. The induction of anterior
and posterior neural genes in Xenopus laevis. Development.
109:765–774.
Shibata, M., M. Itoh, H. Hikasa, S. Taira, and M. Taira. 2005. Role
of crescent in convergent extension movements by modulating Wnt signaling in early Xenopus embryogenesis. Mech
Dev. 122:1322–1339.
Shibata, M., H. Ono, H. Hikasa, J. Shinga, and M. Taira. 2000.
Xenopus crescent encoding a Frizzled-like domain is
expressed in the Spemann organizer and pronephros. Mech
Dev. 96:243–246.
Shiotsugu, J., Y. Katsuyama, K. Arima, A. Baxter, T. Koide, J. Song,
R.A. Chandraratna, and B. Blumberg. 2004. Multiple points
of interaction between retinoic acid and FGF signaling during
embryonic axis formation. Development. 131:2653–2667.
Silva, A.C., M. Filipe, K.M. Kuerner, H. Steinbeisser, and J.A.
Belo. 2003. Endogenous Cerberus activity is required
for anterior head specifcation in Xenopus. Development.
130:4943–4953.
Sive, H.L., B.W. Draper, R.M. Harland, and H. Weintraub.
1990. Identifcation of a retinoic acid-sensitive period during primary axis formation in Xenopus laevis. Genes Dev.
4:932–942.
Sive, H.L., K. Hattori, and H. Weintraub. 1989. Progressive determination during formation of the anteroposterior axis in
Xenopus laevis. Cell. 58:171–180.
Slack, J.M., B.G. Darlington, L.L. Gillespie, S.F. Godsave, H.V.
Isaacs, and G.D. Paterno. 1989. The role of f broblast growth
factor in early Xenopus development. Development. 107
Suppl:141–148.
Slack, J.M., B.G. Darlington, J.K. Heath, and S.F. Godsave. 1987.
Mesoderm induction in early Xenopus embryos by heparinbinding growth factors. Nature. 326:197–200.
Slack, J.M., H.V. Isaacs, and B.G. Darlington. 1988. Inductive
effects of fbroblast growth factor and lithium ion on Xenopus
blastula ectoderm. Development. 103:581–590.
Slack, J.M., and D. Tannahill. 1992. Mechanism of anteroposterior
axis specifcation in vertebrates: Lessons from the amphibians. Development. 114:285–302.
Smith, W.C., and R.M. Harland. 1991. Injected Xwnt-8 RNA acts
early in Xenopus embryos to promote formation of a vegetal
dorsalizing center. Cell. 67:753–765.
Smith, W.C., and R.M. Harland. 1992. Expression cloning of noggin, a new dorsalizing factor localized to the Spemann organizer in Xenopus embryos. Cell. 70:829–840.
Sokol, S., J.L. Christian, R.T. Moon, and D.A. Melton. 1991.
Injected Wnt RNA induces a complete body axis in Xenopus
embryos. Cell. 67:741–752.
Song, J., and J.M. Slack. 1996. XFGF-9: A new f broblast growth
factor from Xenopus embryos. Dev Dyn. 206:427–436.
Spemann, H. 1936. Experimentelle Beitrage zu einer Theorie der
Entwicklung. Verlag Julius Springer, Berlin.
Signaling Pathways in AP Patterning
Ploper, D., H.X. Lee, and E.M. De Robertis. 2011. Dorsal-ventral
patterning: Crescent is a dorsally secreted Frizzled-related
protein that competitively inhibits Tolloid proteases. Dev
Biol. 352:317–328.
Polevoy, H., Y.E. Gutkovich, A. Michaelov, Y. Volovik, Y.M.
Elkouby, and D. Frank. 2019. New roles for Wnt and
BMP signaling in neural anteroposterior patterning.
EMBO Rep. 20.
Pownall, M.E., H.V. Isaacs, and J.M. Slack. 1998. Two phases of
Hox gene regulation during early Xenopus development.
Curr Biol. 8:673–676.
Pownall, M.E., A.S. Tucker, J.M. Slack, and H.V. Isaacs. 1996.
eFGF, Xcad3 and Hox genes form a molecular pathway that establishes the anteroposterior axis in Xenopus.
Development. 122:3881–3892.
Pownall, M.E., B.E. Welm, K.W. Freeman, D.M. Spencer, J.M.
Rosen, and H.V. Isaacs. 2003. An inducible system for the
study of FGF signalling in early amphibian development.
Developmental Biology. 256:90–100.
Rankin, S.A., K.W. McCracken, D.M. Luedeke, L. Han, J.M.
Wells, J.M. Shannon, and A.M. Zorn. 2018. Timing is everything: Reiterative Wnt, BMP and RA signaling regulate
developmental competence during endoderm organogenesis.
Dev Biol. 434:121–132.
Rauschenberger, V., D.B. Bernkopf, S. Krenn, K. Jalal, J. Heller,
J. Behrens, M. Gentzel, and A. Schambony. 2017. The phosphatase Pgam5 antagonizes Wnt/beta-Catenin signaling in
embryonic anterior-posterior axis patterning. Development.
144:2234–2247.
Ribisi, S., Jr., F.V. Mariani, E. Aamar, T.M. Lamb, D. Frank, and
R.M. Harland. 2000. Ras-mediated FGF signaling is required
for the formation of posterior but not anterior neural tissue in
Xenopus laevis. Dev Biol. 227:183–196.
Richard-Parpaillon, L., C. Heligon, F. Chesnel, D. Boujard, and
A. Philpott. 2002. The IGF pathway regulates head formation by inhibiting Wnt signaling in Xenopus. Dev Biol.
244:407–417.
Roche, D.D., K.J. Liu, R.M. Harland, and A.H. Monsoro-Burq.
2009. Dazap2 is required for FGF-mediated posterior neural
patterning, independent of Wnt and Cdx function. Dev Biol.
333:26–36.
Ruiz i Altaba, A., and T. Jessell. 1991a. Retinoic acid modif es
mesodermal patterning in early Xenopus embryos. Genes
Dev. 5:175–187.
Ruiz i Altaba, A., and T.M. Jessell. 1991b. Retinoic acid modifes the pattern of cell differentiation in the central nervous
system of neurula stage Xenopus embryos. Development.
112:945–958.
Saha, M.S., and R.M. Grainger. 1992. A labile period in the determination of the anterior-posterior axis during early neural
development in Xenopus. Neuron. 8:1003–1014.
Sasai, Y., B. Lu, H. Steinbeisser, and E.M. De Robertis. 1995.
Regulation of neural induction by the Chd and Bmp-4 antagonistic patterning signals in Xenopus. Nature. 376:333–336.
Sasai, Y., B. Lu, H. Steinbeisser, D. Geissert, L.K. Gont, and E.M.
De Robertis. 1994. Xenopus chordin: A novel dorsalizing
factor activated by organizer-specifc homeobox genes. Cell.
79:779–790.
Sato, S.M., and T.D. Sargent. 1989. Development of neural inducing capacity in dissociated Xenopus embryos. Dev Biol.
134:263–266.
Saxen, L., and S. Toivonen. 1961. The two-gradient hypothesis
in primary induction: The combined effect of two types of
inductors mixed in different ratios. J Embryol Exp Morphol.
9:514–533.
Saxen, L., S. Toivonen, and T. Vainio. 1964. Initial stimulus and
subsequent interactions in embryonic induction. J Embryol
Exp Morphol. 12:333–338.
Schyr, R.B., Y. Shabtai, C.S. Shashikant, and A. Fainsod. 2012.
Cdx1 is essential for the initiation of HoxC8 expression during early embryogenesis. FASEB J. 26:2674–2684.
Semenov, M.V., K. Tamai, B.K. Brott, M. Kuhl, S. Sokol, and X.
He. 2001. Head inducer Dickkopf-1 is a ligand for Wnt coreceptor LRP6. Curr Biol. 11:951–961.
Sharpe, C.R., A. Fritz, E.M. De Robertis, and J.B. Gurdon. 1987.
A homeobox-containing marker of posterior neural differentiation shows the importance of predetermination in neural
induction. Cell. 50:749–758.
Sharpe, C.R., and J.B. Gurdon. 1990. The induction of anterior
and posterior neural genes in Xenopus laevis. Development.
109:765–774.
Shibata, M., M. Itoh, H. Hikasa, S. Taira, and M. Taira. 2005. Role
of crescent in convergent extension movements by modulating Wnt signaling in early Xenopus embryogenesis. Mech
Dev. 122:1322–1339.
Shibata, M., H. Ono, H. Hikasa, J. Shinga, and M. Taira. 2000.
Xenopus crescent encoding a Frizzled-like domain is
expressed in the Spemann organizer and pronephros. Mech
Dev. 96:243–246.
Shiotsugu, J., Y. Katsuyama, K. Arima, A. Baxter, T. Koide, J. Song,
R.A. Chandraratna, and B. Blumberg. 2004. Multiple points
of interaction between retinoic acid and FGF signaling during
embryonic axis formation. Development. 131:2653–2667.
Silva, A.C., M. Filipe, K.M. Kuerner, H. Steinbeisser, and J.A.
Belo. 2003. Endogenous Cerberus activity is required
for anterior head specifcation in Xenopus. Development.
130:4943–4953.
Sive, H.L., B.W. Draper, R.M. Harland, and H. Weintraub.
1990. Identifcation of a retinoic acid-sensitive period during primary axis formation in Xenopus laevis. Genes Dev.
4:932–942.
Sive, H.L., K. Hattori, and H. Weintraub. 1989. Progressive determination during formation of the anteroposterior axis in
Xenopus laevis. Cell. 58:171–180.
Slack, J.M., B.G. Darlington, L.L. Gillespie, S.F. Godsave, H.V.
Isaacs, and G.D. Paterno. 1989. The role of f broblast growth
factor in early Xenopus development. Development. 107
Suppl:141–148.
Slack, J.M., B.G. Darlington, J.K. Heath, and S.F. Godsave. 1987.
Mesoderm induction in early Xenopus embryos by heparinbinding growth factors. Nature. 326:197–200.
Slack, J.M., H.V. Isaacs, and B.G. Darlington. 1988. Inductive
effects of fbroblast growth factor and lithium ion on Xenopus
blastula ectoderm. Development. 103:581–590.
Slack, J.M., and D. Tannahill. 1992. Mechanism of anteroposterior
axis specifcation in vertebrates: Lessons from the amphibians. Development. 114:285–302.
Smith, W.C., and R.M. Harland. 1991. Injected Xwnt-8 RNA acts
early in Xenopus embryos to promote formation of a vegetal
dorsalizing center. Cell. 67:753–765.
Smith, W.C., and R.M. Harland. 1992. Expression cloning of noggin, a new dorsalizing factor localized to the Spemann organizer in Xenopus embryos. Cell. 70:829–840.
Sokol, S., J.L. Christian, R.T. Moon, and D.A. Melton. 1991.
Injected Wnt RNA induces a complete body axis in Xenopus
embryos. Cell. 67:741–752.
Song, J., and J.M. Slack. 1996. XFGF-9: A new f broblast growth
factor from Xenopus embryos. Dev Dyn. 206:427–436.
Spemann, H. 1936. Experimentelle Beitrage zu einer Theorie der
Entwicklung. Verlag Julius Springer, Berlin.