38
Xenopus
Keimbahn-determinants. II: The origin and signif cance of
the . . . Journal of Morphology 25, 375–509.
Heim, A.E., Hartung, O., Rothhämel, S., Ferreira, E., Jenny, A.,
Marlow, F.L., 2014. Oocyte polarity requires a buckyballdependent feedback amplifcation loop. Development 141,
842–854.
Holowacz, T., Elinson, R.P., 1993. Cortical cytoplasm, which
induces dorsal axis formation in Xenopus, is inactivated by
UV irradiation of the oocyte. Development 119, 277–285.
Holwill, S., Heasman, J., Crawley, C., Wylie, C., 1987. Axis and
germ line defciencies caused by u.v irradiation of Xenopus
oocytes cultured in vitro. Development 100, 735–743.
Hoppler, S., Brown, J.D., Moon, R.T., 1996. Expression of a dominant-negative Wnt blocks induction of MyoD in Xenopus
embryos. Gene Dev 10, 2805–2817.
Horb, M.E., Thomsen, G.H., 1997. A vegetally localized T-box
transcription factor in Xenopus eggs specifes mesoderm and
endoderm and is essential for embryonic mesoderm formation. Dev Camb Engl 124, 1689–1698.
Horvay, K., Claussen, M., Katzer, M., Landgrebe, J., Pieler, T.,
2006. Xenopus dead end mRNA is a localized maternal
determinant that serves a conserved function in germ cell
development. Developmental Biology 291, 1–11.
Houston, D.W., 2019. Culture and host transfer of Xenopus
oocytes for maternal mRNA depletion and genome editing
experiments. In: Pelegri, F. (Ed.), Vertebrate Embryogenesis:
Embryological, Cellular, and Genetic Methods. New York:
Humana. pp. 1–16.
Houston, D.W., 2018. Oocyte Host-Transfer and Maternal mRNA
Depletion Experiments in Xenopus. Cold Spring Harbor
Protocols 10, pdb-prot096982.
Houston, D.W., 2017. Vertebrate axial patterning: From egg
to asymmetry. In: Pelegri, F., Sutherland, A., Danilchik,
M. (Eds.), Vertebrate Development, Maternal to Zygotic
Control, Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology.
Cham: Springer. pp. 209–306.
Houston, D.W., 2013. Regulation of cell polarity and RNA localization in vertebrate oocytes. International Review of Cell
and Molecular Biology 306, 127–185.
Houston, D.W., 2012. Cortical rotation and messenger RNA localization in Xenopus axis formation. Wiley Interdisciplinary
Reviews: Developmental Biology 1, 371–388.
Houston, D.W., King, M.L., 2000a. Germ plasm and molecular determinants of germ cell fate. Curr Top Dev Biol 50,
155-IN2.
Houston, D.W., King, M.L., 2000b. A critical role for Xdazl, a
germ plasm-localized RNA, in the differentiation of primordial germ cells in Xenopus. Development 127, 447–456.
Houston, D.W., Kofron, M., Resnik, E., Langland, R., Destrée,
O., Wylie, C.C., Heasman, J., 2002. Repression of organizer
genes in dorsal and ventral Xenopus cells mediated by maternal XTcf3. Development 129, 4015–4025.
Houston, D.W., Wylie, C., 2003. The Xenopus LIMhomeodomain protein Xlim5 regulates the differential
adhesion properties of early ectoderm cells. Development
130, 2695–2704.
Houston, D.W., Zhang, J., Maines, J.Z., Wasserman, S.A., King,
M.L., 1998. A Xenopus DAZ-like gene encodes an RNA
component of germ plasm and is a functional homologue of
Drosophila boule. Development 125, 171–180.
Hsu, D., Economides, A., Wang, X., Eimon, P., Harland, R., 1998.
The Xenopus dorsalizing factor Gremlin identifes a novel
family of secreted proteins that antagonize BMP activities.
Molecular Cell 1, 673–683.
Hudson, C., Woodland, H.R., 1998. Xpat, a gene expressed specif -
cally in germ plasm and primordial germ cells of Xenopus
laevis. Mech Develop 73, 159–168.
Hudson, J.W., Alarcón, V.B., Elinson, R.P., 1996. Identif cation of
new localized RNAs in the Xenopus oocyte by differential
display PCR. Developmental Genetics 19, 190–198.
Hultin, T., 1961. The effect of puromycin on protein metabolism
and cell division in fertilized sea urchin eggs. Experientia
17, 410–411.
Hwang, H., Jin, Z., Krishnamurthy, V.V., Saha, A., Klein, P.S.,
Garcia, B., Mei, W., King, M.L., Zhang, K., Yang, J.,
2019. Novel functions of the ubiquitin-independent proteasome system in regulating Xenopus germline development.
Development 146, dev.172700.
Hyde, C.E., Old, R.W., 2000. Regulation of the early expression
of the Xenopus nodal-related 1 gene, Xnr1. Dev Camb Engl
127, 1221–1229.
Illmensee, K., Mahowald, A.P., 1974. Transplantation of posterior polar plasm in Drosophila: Induction of germ cells at
the anterior pole of the egg. Proceedings of the National
Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 71,
1016–1020.
Jacob, F., Monod, J., 1961. Genetic regulatory mechanisms in the
synthesis of proteins. J Mol Biol 3, 318–356.
Jeffery, W.R., Capco, D.G., 1978. Differential accumulation and
localization of maternal poly(A)-containing RNA during
early development of the ascidian, Styela. Developmental
Biology 67, 152–166.
Jones, E., Woodland, H., 1987. The development of animal cap
cells in Xenopus: A measure of the start of animal cap competence to form mesoderm. Development 101, 557–563.
Joseph, E.M., Melton, D.A., 1998. Mutant Vg1 ligands disrupt
endoderm and mesoderm formation in Xenopus embryos.
Dev Camb Engl 125, 2677–2685.
Kageura, H., 1997. Activation of dorsal development by contact between
the cortical dorsal determinant and the equatorial core cytoplasm
in eggs of Xenopus laevis. Development 124, 1543–1551.
Kahle, W., 1908. Die Paedogenesis der Decidomyiden. Stuttgart:
E. Schweizerbart.
Kalthoff, K., 1979. Determinants of spatial organization. Cytoplasmic
Localization Early Dev 97–126.
Kaneshiro, K., Miyauchi, M., Tanigawa, Y., Ikenishi, K., Komiya,
T., 2007. The mRNA coding for Xenopus glutamate receptor interacting protein 2 (XGRIP2) is maternally transcribed, transported through the late pathway and localized
to the germ plasm. Biochemical and Biophysical Research
Communications 355, 902–906.
Kao, K.R., Masui, Y., Elinson, R.P., 1986. Lithium-induced
respecifcation of pattern in Xenopus laevis embryos. Nature
322, 371–373.
Kataoka, K., Tazaki, A., Kitayama, A., Ueno, N., Watanabe, K.,
Mochii, M., 2005. Identifcation of asymmetrically localized
transcripts along the animal-vegetal axis of the Xenopus egg.
Develop Growth Differ 47, 511–521.
Kato, M., McKnight, S.L., 2016. A solid-state conceptualization of
information transfer from gene to message to protein. Annu
Rev Biochem 87, 1–40.
Kedde, M., Strasser, M.J., Boldajipour, B., Vrielink, J.A.F.O.,
Slanchev, K., Sage, C. le, Nagel, R., Voorhoeve, P.M., Duijse,
J. van, Ørom, U.A., Lund, A.H., Perrakis, A., Raz, E., Agami,
R., 2007. RNA-binding protein Dnd1 inhibits microRNA
access to target mRNA. Cell 131, 1273–1286.
Kee, K., Angeles, V.T., Flores, M., Nguyen, H.N., Pera, R.A.R.,
2009. Human DAZL, DAZ and BOULE genes modulate
Xenopus
Keimbahn-determinants. II: The origin and signif cance of
the . . . Journal of Morphology 25, 375–509.
Heim, A.E., Hartung, O., Rothhämel, S., Ferreira, E., Jenny, A.,
Marlow, F.L., 2014. Oocyte polarity requires a buckyballdependent feedback amplifcation loop. Development 141,
842–854.
Holowacz, T., Elinson, R.P., 1993. Cortical cytoplasm, which
induces dorsal axis formation in Xenopus, is inactivated by
UV irradiation of the oocyte. Development 119, 277–285.
Holwill, S., Heasman, J., Crawley, C., Wylie, C., 1987. Axis and
germ line defciencies caused by u.v irradiation of Xenopus
oocytes cultured in vitro. Development 100, 735–743.
Hoppler, S., Brown, J.D., Moon, R.T., 1996. Expression of a dominant-negative Wnt blocks induction of MyoD in Xenopus
embryos. Gene Dev 10, 2805–2817.
Horb, M.E., Thomsen, G.H., 1997. A vegetally localized T-box
transcription factor in Xenopus eggs specifes mesoderm and
endoderm and is essential for embryonic mesoderm formation. Dev Camb Engl 124, 1689–1698.
Horvay, K., Claussen, M., Katzer, M., Landgrebe, J., Pieler, T.,
2006. Xenopus dead end mRNA is a localized maternal
determinant that serves a conserved function in germ cell
development. Developmental Biology 291, 1–11.
Houston, D.W., 2019. Culture and host transfer of Xenopus
oocytes for maternal mRNA depletion and genome editing
experiments. In: Pelegri, F. (Ed.), Vertebrate Embryogenesis:
Embryological, Cellular, and Genetic Methods. New York:
Humana. pp. 1–16.
Houston, D.W., 2018. Oocyte Host-Transfer and Maternal mRNA
Depletion Experiments in Xenopus. Cold Spring Harbor
Protocols 10, pdb-prot096982.
Houston, D.W., 2017. Vertebrate axial patterning: From egg
to asymmetry. In: Pelegri, F., Sutherland, A., Danilchik,
M. (Eds.), Vertebrate Development, Maternal to Zygotic
Control, Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology.
Cham: Springer. pp. 209–306.
Houston, D.W., 2013. Regulation of cell polarity and RNA localization in vertebrate oocytes. International Review of Cell
and Molecular Biology 306, 127–185.
Houston, D.W., 2012. Cortical rotation and messenger RNA localization in Xenopus axis formation. Wiley Interdisciplinary
Reviews: Developmental Biology 1, 371–388.
Houston, D.W., King, M.L., 2000a. Germ plasm and molecular determinants of germ cell fate. Curr Top Dev Biol 50,
155-IN2.
Houston, D.W., King, M.L., 2000b. A critical role for Xdazl, a
germ plasm-localized RNA, in the differentiation of primordial germ cells in Xenopus. Development 127, 447–456.
Houston, D.W., Kofron, M., Resnik, E., Langland, R., Destrée,
O., Wylie, C.C., Heasman, J., 2002. Repression of organizer
genes in dorsal and ventral Xenopus cells mediated by maternal XTcf3. Development 129, 4015–4025.
Houston, D.W., Wylie, C., 2003. The Xenopus LIMhomeodomain protein Xlim5 regulates the differential
adhesion properties of early ectoderm cells. Development
130, 2695–2704.
Houston, D.W., Zhang, J., Maines, J.Z., Wasserman, S.A., King,
M.L., 1998. A Xenopus DAZ-like gene encodes an RNA
component of germ plasm and is a functional homologue of
Drosophila boule. Development 125, 171–180.
Hsu, D., Economides, A., Wang, X., Eimon, P., Harland, R., 1998.
The Xenopus dorsalizing factor Gremlin identifes a novel
family of secreted proteins that antagonize BMP activities.
Molecular Cell 1, 673–683.
Hudson, C., Woodland, H.R., 1998. Xpat, a gene expressed specif -
cally in germ plasm and primordial germ cells of Xenopus
laevis. Mech Develop 73, 159–168.
Hudson, J.W., Alarcón, V.B., Elinson, R.P., 1996. Identif cation of
new localized RNAs in the Xenopus oocyte by differential
display PCR. Developmental Genetics 19, 190–198.
Hultin, T., 1961. The effect of puromycin on protein metabolism
and cell division in fertilized sea urchin eggs. Experientia
17, 410–411.
Hwang, H., Jin, Z., Krishnamurthy, V.V., Saha, A., Klein, P.S.,
Garcia, B., Mei, W., King, M.L., Zhang, K., Yang, J.,
2019. Novel functions of the ubiquitin-independent proteasome system in regulating Xenopus germline development.
Development 146, dev.172700.
Hyde, C.E., Old, R.W., 2000. Regulation of the early expression
of the Xenopus nodal-related 1 gene, Xnr1. Dev Camb Engl
127, 1221–1229.
Illmensee, K., Mahowald, A.P., 1974. Transplantation of posterior polar plasm in Drosophila: Induction of germ cells at
the anterior pole of the egg. Proceedings of the National
Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 71,
1016–1020.
Jacob, F., Monod, J., 1961. Genetic regulatory mechanisms in the
synthesis of proteins. J Mol Biol 3, 318–356.
Jeffery, W.R., Capco, D.G., 1978. Differential accumulation and
localization of maternal poly(A)-containing RNA during
early development of the ascidian, Styela. Developmental
Biology 67, 152–166.
Jones, E., Woodland, H., 1987. The development of animal cap
cells in Xenopus: A measure of the start of animal cap competence to form mesoderm. Development 101, 557–563.
Joseph, E.M., Melton, D.A., 1998. Mutant Vg1 ligands disrupt
endoderm and mesoderm formation in Xenopus embryos.
Dev Camb Engl 125, 2677–2685.
Kageura, H., 1997. Activation of dorsal development by contact between
the cortical dorsal determinant and the equatorial core cytoplasm
in eggs of Xenopus laevis. Development 124, 1543–1551.
Kahle, W., 1908. Die Paedogenesis der Decidomyiden. Stuttgart:
E. Schweizerbart.
Kalthoff, K., 1979. Determinants of spatial organization. Cytoplasmic
Localization Early Dev 97–126.
Kaneshiro, K., Miyauchi, M., Tanigawa, Y., Ikenishi, K., Komiya,
T., 2007. The mRNA coding for Xenopus glutamate receptor interacting protein 2 (XGRIP2) is maternally transcribed, transported through the late pathway and localized
to the germ plasm. Biochemical and Biophysical Research
Communications 355, 902–906.
Kao, K.R., Masui, Y., Elinson, R.P., 1986. Lithium-induced
respecifcation of pattern in Xenopus laevis embryos. Nature
322, 371–373.
Kataoka, K., Tazaki, A., Kitayama, A., Ueno, N., Watanabe, K.,
Mochii, M., 2005. Identifcation of asymmetrically localized
transcripts along the animal-vegetal axis of the Xenopus egg.
Develop Growth Differ 47, 511–521.
Kato, M., McKnight, S.L., 2016. A solid-state conceptualization of
information transfer from gene to message to protein. Annu
Rev Biochem 87, 1–40.
Kedde, M., Strasser, M.J., Boldajipour, B., Vrielink, J.A.F.O.,
Slanchev, K., Sage, C. le, Nagel, R., Voorhoeve, P.M., Duijse,
J. van, Ørom, U.A., Lund, A.H., Perrakis, A., Raz, E., Agami,
R., 2007. RNA-binding protein Dnd1 inhibits microRNA
access to target mRNA. Cell 131, 1273–1286.
Kee, K., Angeles, V.T., Flores, M., Nguyen, H.N., Pera, R.A.R.,
2009. Human DAZL, DAZ and BOULE genes modulate