219
Advances in Genome Editing Tools
nucleases. Development, Growth & Differentiation 54,
777–784.
Nakajima, K., Tazawa, I., and Yaoita, Y. (2018). Thyroid hormone
receptor α-and β-knockout Xenopus tropicalis tadpoles reveal
subtype-specifc roles during development. Endocrinology
159, 733–743.
Nakajima, K., and Yaoita, Y. (2015). Development of a new
approach for targeted gene editing in primordial germ cells
using TALENs in Xenopus. Biology Open 4, 259–266.
Nakamura, M., Yoshida, H., Takahashi, E., Wlizla, M., TakebayashiSuzuki, K., Horb, M.E., and Suzuki, A. (2020). The AP-1
transcription factor junB functions in Xenopus tail regeneration by positively regulating cell proliferation. Biochemical
and Biophysical Research Communications 522, 990–995.
Nakayama, T., Fish, M.B., Fisher, M., Oomen-Hajagos, J.,
Thomsen, G.H., and Grainger, R.M. (2013). Simple and
effcient CRISPR/Cas9-mediated targeted mutagenesis in
Xenopus tropicalis. Genesis (New York, NY: 2000) 51,
835–843.
Nakayama, T., Fisher, M., Nakajima, K., Odeleye, A.O.,
Zimmerman, K.B., Fish, M.B., Yaoita, Y., Chojnowski, J.L.,
Lauderdale, J.D., Netland, P.A., et al. (2015). Xenopus pax6
mutants affect eye development and other organ systems,
and have phenotypic similarities to human aniridia patients.
Developmental Biology 408, 328–344.
Nakayama, T., Grainger, R.M., and Cha, S. (2020). Simple embryo
injection of long single-stranded donor templates with the
CRISPR/Cas9 system leads to homology-directed repair in
Xenopus tropicalis and Xenopus laevis. Genesis 58, e23366.
Nakayama, T., Nakajima, K., Cox, A., Fisher, M., Howell, M., Fish,
M.B., Yaoita, Y., and Grainger, R.M. (2017). No privacy, a
Xenopus tropicalis mutant, is a model of human HermanskyPudlak syndrome and allows visualization of internal organogenesis during tadpole development. Dev Biol 426 , 472–486.
Nieuwenhuysen, T.V., Naert, T., Tran, H.T., Imschoot, G.V., Geurs,
S., Sanders, E., Creytens, D., Roy, F.V., and Vleminckx, K.
(2015). TALEN-mediated apc mutation in Xenopus tropicalis
phenocopies familial adenomatous polyposis. Oncoscience
2, 555–566.
Noramly, S., Zimmerman, L., Cox, A., Aloise, R., Fisher, M., and
Grainger, R.M. (2005). A gynogenetic screen to isolate naturally occurring recessive mutations in Xenopus tropicalis.
Mechanisms of Development 122, 273–287.
Ochi, H., Tamai, T., Nagano, H., Kawaguchi, A., Sudou, N., and
Ogino, H. (2012). Evolution of a tissue-specif c silencer
underlies divergence in the expression of pax2 and pax8 paralogues. Nature Communications 3, 848–847.
Offeld, M.F., Hirsch, N., and Grainger, R.M. (2000). The development of Xenopus tropicalis transgenic lines and their use in
studying lens developmental timing in living embryos. Dev
Camb Engl 127, 1789–1797.
Offner, T., Daume, D., Weiss, L., Hassenklöver, T., and Manzini,
I. (2020). Whole-brain calcium imaging in larval Xenopus.
Cold Spring Harb Protoc, pdb.prot106815.
Okada, M., Miller, T.C., Wen, L., and Shi, Y.-B. (2017). A balance
of Mad and Myc expression dictates larval cell apoptosis and
adult stem cell development during Xenopus intestinal metamorphosis. Cell Death Dis 8, e2787–e2787.
Okada, M., and Shi, Y. (2018). EVI and MDS/EVI are required for
adult intestinal stem cell formation during postembryonic
vertebrate development. Faseb J 32, 431–439.
Pan, F.C., Chen, Y., Loeber, J., Henningfeld, K., and Pieler, T.
(2006). I-SceI meganuclease-mediated transgenesis in
Xenopus. Developmental Dynamics: An Offcial Publication
of the American Association of Anatomists 235, 247–252.
Park, D.-S., Yoon, M., Kweon, J., Jang, A.-H., Kim, Y., and Choi,
S.-C. (2017). Targeted base editing via RNA-guided cytidine deaminases in Xenopus laevis embryos. Mol Cells 40,
823–827.
Rachev, E., Schuster-Gossler, K., Fuhl, F., Ott, T., Tveriakhina, L.,
Beckers, A., Hegermann, J., Boldt, K., Mai, M., Kremmer,
E., et al. (2020). CFAP43 modulates ciliary beating in mouse
and Xenopus. Dev Biol 459, 109–125.
Rankin, S.A., Zorn, A.M., and Buchholz, D.R. (2011). New doxycycline-inducible transgenic lines in Xenopus. Developmental
Dynamics: An Offcial Publication of the American Association
of Anatomists 240, 1467–1474.
Ratzan, W., Falco, R., Salanga, C., Salanga, M., and Horb, M.E.
(2017). Generation of a Xenopus laevis F1 albino J strain
by genome editing and oocyte host-transfer. Developmental
Biology 426, 188–193.
Roose, M., Sauert, K., Turan, G., Solomentsew, N., Werdien, D.,
Pramanik, K., Senkel, S., Ryffel, G.U., and Waldner, C.
(2009). Heat-shock inducible Cre strains to study organogenesis in transgenic Xenopus laevis. Transgenic Research 18,
595–605.
Rusconi, S., and Schaffner, W. (1981). Transformation of frog
embryos with a rabbit beta-globin gene. Proc National Acad
Sci 78, 5051–5055.
Sakane, Y., Iida, M., Hasebe, T., Fujii, S., Buchholz, D.R.,
Ishizuya-Oka, A., Yamamoto, T., and Suzuki, K.-I.T. (2018).
Functional analysis of thyroid hormone receptor beta in
Xenopus tropicalis founders using CRISPR-Cas. Biology
Open 7, bio030338.
Sakane, Y., Sakuma, T., Kashiwagi, K., Kashiwagi, A., Yamamoto,
T., and Suzuki, K.T. (2014). Targeted mutagenesis of multiple and paralogous genes in Xenopus laevis using two pairs
of transcription activator-like effector nucleases. Dev Growth
Differ 56, 108–114.
Sakuma, T., Hosoi, S., Woltjen, K., Suzuki, K., Kashiwagi, K.,
Wada, H., Ochiai, H., Miyamoto, T., Kawai, N., Sasakura,
Y., et al. (2013). Effcient TALEN construction and evaluation methods for human cell and animal applications. Genes
to Cells: Devoted to Molecular & Cellular Mechanisms 18,
315–326.
Schneider, R., Deutsch, K., Hoeprich, G.J., Marquez, J., Hermle, T.,
Braun, D.A., Seltzsam, S., Kitzler, T.M., Mao, Y., Buerger,
F., et al. (2020). DAAM2 variants cause nephrotic syndrome
via actin dysregulation. Am J Hum Genetics 107 , 1113–1128.
Schreiber, A.M., Das, B., Huang, H., Marsh-Armstrong, N., and
Brown, D.D. (2001). Diverse developmental programs of
Xenopus laevis metamorphosis are inhibited by a dominant negative thyroid hormone receptor. Proceedings of
the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of
America 98, 10739–10744.
Sega, A.G., Mis, E.K., Lindstrom, K., Mercimek-Andrews, S.,
Ji, W., Cho, M.T., Juusola, J., Konstantino, M., Jeffries, L.,
Khokha, M.K., et al. (2019). De novo pathogenic variants in
neuronal differentiation factor 2 (NEUROD2) cause a form
of early infantile epileptic encephalopathy. J Med Genet 56,
113–122.
Sempou, E., Lakhani, O.A., Amalraj, S., and Khokha, M.K. (2018).
Candidate heterotaxy gene FGFR4 is essential for patterning
of the left-right organizer in Xenopus. Front Physiol 9 , 1705.
Shewade, L.H., Schoephoerster, J.A., Patmann, M.D., Kulkarni,
S.S., and Buchholz, D.R. (2020). Corticosterone is essential
for survival through frog metamorphosis. Endocrinology
161, bqaa193.
Shi, Z., Wang, F., Cui, Y., Liu, Z., Guo, X., Zhang, Y., Deng, Y.,
Zhao, H., and Chen, Y. (2015). Heritable CRISPR/Cas9-
Advances in Genome Editing Tools
nucleases. Development, Growth & Differentiation 54,
777–784.
Nakajima, K., Tazawa, I., and Yaoita, Y. (2018). Thyroid hormone
receptor α-and β-knockout Xenopus tropicalis tadpoles reveal
subtype-specifc roles during development. Endocrinology
159, 733–743.
Nakajima, K., and Yaoita, Y. (2015). Development of a new
approach for targeted gene editing in primordial germ cells
using TALENs in Xenopus. Biology Open 4, 259–266.
Nakamura, M., Yoshida, H., Takahashi, E., Wlizla, M., TakebayashiSuzuki, K., Horb, M.E., and Suzuki, A. (2020). The AP-1
transcription factor junB functions in Xenopus tail regeneration by positively regulating cell proliferation. Biochemical
and Biophysical Research Communications 522, 990–995.
Nakayama, T., Fish, M.B., Fisher, M., Oomen-Hajagos, J.,
Thomsen, G.H., and Grainger, R.M. (2013). Simple and
effcient CRISPR/Cas9-mediated targeted mutagenesis in
Xenopus tropicalis. Genesis (New York, NY: 2000) 51,
835–843.
Nakayama, T., Fisher, M., Nakajima, K., Odeleye, A.O.,
Zimmerman, K.B., Fish, M.B., Yaoita, Y., Chojnowski, J.L.,
Lauderdale, J.D., Netland, P.A., et al. (2015). Xenopus pax6
mutants affect eye development and other organ systems,
and have phenotypic similarities to human aniridia patients.
Developmental Biology 408, 328–344.
Nakayama, T., Grainger, R.M., and Cha, S. (2020). Simple embryo
injection of long single-stranded donor templates with the
CRISPR/Cas9 system leads to homology-directed repair in
Xenopus tropicalis and Xenopus laevis. Genesis 58, e23366.
Nakayama, T., Nakajima, K., Cox, A., Fisher, M., Howell, M., Fish,
M.B., Yaoita, Y., and Grainger, R.M. (2017). No privacy, a
Xenopus tropicalis mutant, is a model of human HermanskyPudlak syndrome and allows visualization of internal organogenesis during tadpole development. Dev Biol 426 , 472–486.
Nieuwenhuysen, T.V., Naert, T., Tran, H.T., Imschoot, G.V., Geurs,
S., Sanders, E., Creytens, D., Roy, F.V., and Vleminckx, K.
(2015). TALEN-mediated apc mutation in Xenopus tropicalis
phenocopies familial adenomatous polyposis. Oncoscience
2, 555–566.
Noramly, S., Zimmerman, L., Cox, A., Aloise, R., Fisher, M., and
Grainger, R.M. (2005). A gynogenetic screen to isolate naturally occurring recessive mutations in Xenopus tropicalis.
Mechanisms of Development 122, 273–287.
Ochi, H., Tamai, T., Nagano, H., Kawaguchi, A., Sudou, N., and
Ogino, H. (2012). Evolution of a tissue-specif c silencer
underlies divergence in the expression of pax2 and pax8 paralogues. Nature Communications 3, 848–847.
Offeld, M.F., Hirsch, N., and Grainger, R.M. (2000). The development of Xenopus tropicalis transgenic lines and their use in
studying lens developmental timing in living embryos. Dev
Camb Engl 127, 1789–1797.
Offner, T., Daume, D., Weiss, L., Hassenklöver, T., and Manzini,
I. (2020). Whole-brain calcium imaging in larval Xenopus.
Cold Spring Harb Protoc, pdb.prot106815.
Okada, M., Miller, T.C., Wen, L., and Shi, Y.-B. (2017). A balance
of Mad and Myc expression dictates larval cell apoptosis and
adult stem cell development during Xenopus intestinal metamorphosis. Cell Death Dis 8, e2787–e2787.
Okada, M., and Shi, Y. (2018). EVI and MDS/EVI are required for
adult intestinal stem cell formation during postembryonic
vertebrate development. Faseb J 32, 431–439.
Pan, F.C., Chen, Y., Loeber, J., Henningfeld, K., and Pieler, T.
(2006). I-SceI meganuclease-mediated transgenesis in
Xenopus. Developmental Dynamics: An Offcial Publication
of the American Association of Anatomists 235, 247–252.
Park, D.-S., Yoon, M., Kweon, J., Jang, A.-H., Kim, Y., and Choi,
S.-C. (2017). Targeted base editing via RNA-guided cytidine deaminases in Xenopus laevis embryos. Mol Cells 40,
823–827.
Rachev, E., Schuster-Gossler, K., Fuhl, F., Ott, T., Tveriakhina, L.,
Beckers, A., Hegermann, J., Boldt, K., Mai, M., Kremmer,
E., et al. (2020). CFAP43 modulates ciliary beating in mouse
and Xenopus. Dev Biol 459, 109–125.
Rankin, S.A., Zorn, A.M., and Buchholz, D.R. (2011). New doxycycline-inducible transgenic lines in Xenopus. Developmental
Dynamics: An Offcial Publication of the American Association
of Anatomists 240, 1467–1474.
Ratzan, W., Falco, R., Salanga, C., Salanga, M., and Horb, M.E.
(2017). Generation of a Xenopus laevis F1 albino J strain
by genome editing and oocyte host-transfer. Developmental
Biology 426, 188–193.
Roose, M., Sauert, K., Turan, G., Solomentsew, N., Werdien, D.,
Pramanik, K., Senkel, S., Ryffel, G.U., and Waldner, C.
(2009). Heat-shock inducible Cre strains to study organogenesis in transgenic Xenopus laevis. Transgenic Research 18,
595–605.
Rusconi, S., and Schaffner, W. (1981). Transformation of frog
embryos with a rabbit beta-globin gene. Proc National Acad
Sci 78, 5051–5055.
Sakane, Y., Iida, M., Hasebe, T., Fujii, S., Buchholz, D.R.,
Ishizuya-Oka, A., Yamamoto, T., and Suzuki, K.-I.T. (2018).
Functional analysis of thyroid hormone receptor beta in
Xenopus tropicalis founders using CRISPR-Cas. Biology
Open 7, bio030338.
Sakane, Y., Sakuma, T., Kashiwagi, K., Kashiwagi, A., Yamamoto,
T., and Suzuki, K.T. (2014). Targeted mutagenesis of multiple and paralogous genes in Xenopus laevis using two pairs
of transcription activator-like effector nucleases. Dev Growth
Differ 56, 108–114.
Sakuma, T., Hosoi, S., Woltjen, K., Suzuki, K., Kashiwagi, K.,
Wada, H., Ochiai, H., Miyamoto, T., Kawai, N., Sasakura,
Y., et al. (2013). Effcient TALEN construction and evaluation methods for human cell and animal applications. Genes
to Cells: Devoted to Molecular & Cellular Mechanisms 18,
315–326.
Schneider, R., Deutsch, K., Hoeprich, G.J., Marquez, J., Hermle, T.,
Braun, D.A., Seltzsam, S., Kitzler, T.M., Mao, Y., Buerger,
F., et al. (2020). DAAM2 variants cause nephrotic syndrome
via actin dysregulation. Am J Hum Genetics 107 , 1113–1128.
Schreiber, A.M., Das, B., Huang, H., Marsh-Armstrong, N., and
Brown, D.D. (2001). Diverse developmental programs of
Xenopus laevis metamorphosis are inhibited by a dominant negative thyroid hormone receptor. Proceedings of
the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of
America 98, 10739–10744.
Sega, A.G., Mis, E.K., Lindstrom, K., Mercimek-Andrews, S.,
Ji, W., Cho, M.T., Juusola, J., Konstantino, M., Jeffries, L.,
Khokha, M.K., et al. (2019). De novo pathogenic variants in
neuronal differentiation factor 2 (NEUROD2) cause a form
of early infantile epileptic encephalopathy. J Med Genet 56,
113–122.
Sempou, E., Lakhani, O.A., Amalraj, S., and Khokha, M.K. (2018).
Candidate heterotaxy gene FGFR4 is essential for patterning
of the left-right organizer in Xenopus. Front Physiol 9 , 1705.
Shewade, L.H., Schoephoerster, J.A., Patmann, M.D., Kulkarni,
S.S., and Buchholz, D.R. (2020). Corticosterone is essential
for survival through frog metamorphosis. Endocrinology
161, bqaa193.
Shi, Z., Wang, F., Cui, Y., Liu, Z., Guo, X., Zhang, Y., Deng, Y.,
Zhao, H., and Chen, Y. (2015). Heritable CRISPR/Cas9-