.
supersaturation.of thé—
with
more
oxygen is present -thari._the*water can, dissolve; and the excesstakes
the form Of small
inth€‘_;Wat€t. In a. static
these bubbleS
rise: and .- break“. atÏthe, surface and
5‘
would eventually
tdÏ-—the atn10Sphère. ,:.HoweVer, if this
;
induCed continuouslyç
injection,OÏf“pumped “air
_
in ,overlarge
quantities, the water Surface—“may not be able to release
quickly enough.»;Fur—th‘ermofe,the associated high turbulence
enconipass ,;the whole _Water*voluinefand, by a Swirling action,
keep much of the excess. oxygen away .fromthes'urfaccä.
which take in ex”cèSs= oxygenŸ_ are Jsubjected”
the same effects
_
as
if they were
to obtajinoxÿgen'directly from the air,:aiid
accordingly. At_situationÏjfairly frequently met Withf“bccurs
When
‘enVironment, and due to
thef;rèëlatiŸé
the
decide to play safe
-than would ever be needed.—
are also
recommendations from_ various authôrities that marine aquaria need
';
morea1rthan OtherÎs.
in some .cases
that more
18d0nethah if no artificial air were provided at_all.
!
-
The detectiOn of excess oxygen due to supersaturation is very -_
simple. Small bubbles readily show up against a dark background in
the aquarium. Any piece of black iron-toxic material can be used,
and the air supply should be reduced until the bubbles disappear,
"
.
although this may take a little time. Environments With small
__
populations are in theory more easily supersaturated thanthose in
oxygen consumption is high9 although this effect is rar€ly
noticeable.
_
'
'
The air-water interface is vitally important for the removal of
carbon
dioxide given off by fishes and other animals inreSpiratory processes,
and by plants in the dark hOurs.—The passage
_
of carbon dioxide from the water to the aircan be
influenced in the same way as is oxygen acquisition, and it is similar-., —
ly dependent on the interface area. Since carbon dioxide iS_« more
…
soluble in water than oxygen, and it is not so easily removed a bio-_
logical ex‘cess occurs long before its supersaturation point is reached,
»
Also, a static body of air above the surface does not remove carbon
as
quickly as a
one, and this effect is exaggerä.ted
by the very low levels of carbon dioxide which are normally found
in air. _Unfortunatelÿ in a tropical aquarium With
_
ahy continuous air currents-would cause appreciable heat losses, but
fina coldwater environment a steady flow of air above the aquarium
-_
,
.:car‘1 beused_t'o advantage.
’
.
‘
'
supersaturation.of thé—
with
more
oxygen is present -thari._the*water can, dissolve; and the excesstakes
the form Of small
inth€‘_;Wat€t. In a. static
these bubbleS
rise: and .- break“. atÏthe, surface and
5‘
would eventually
tdÏ-—the atn10Sphère. ,:.HoweVer, if this
;
induCed continuouslyç
injection,OÏf“pumped “air
_
in ,overlarge
quantities, the water Surface—“may not be able to release
quickly enough.»;Fur—th‘ermofe,the associated high turbulence
enconipass ,;the whole _Water*voluinefand, by a Swirling action,
keep much of the excess. oxygen away .fromthes'urfaccä.
which take in ex”cèSs= oxygenŸ_ are Jsubjected”
the same effects
_
as
if they were
to obtajinoxÿgen'directly from the air,:aiid
accordingly. At_situationÏjfairly frequently met Withf“bccurs
When
‘enVironment, and due to
thef;rèëlatiŸé
the
decide to play safe
-than would ever be needed.—
are also
recommendations from_ various authôrities that marine aquaria need
';
morea1rthan OtherÎs.
in some .cases
that more
18d0nethah if no artificial air were provided at_all.
!
-
The detectiOn of excess oxygen due to supersaturation is very -_
simple. Small bubbles readily show up against a dark background in
the aquarium. Any piece of black iron-toxic material can be used,
and the air supply should be reduced until the bubbles disappear,
"
.
although this may take a little time. Environments With small
__
populations are in theory more easily supersaturated thanthose in
oxygen consumption is high9 although this effect is rar€ly
noticeable.
_
'
'
The air-water interface is vitally important for the removal of
carbon
dioxide given off by fishes and other animals inreSpiratory processes,
and by plants in the dark hOurs.—The passage
_
of carbon dioxide from the water to the aircan be
influenced in the same way as is oxygen acquisition, and it is similar-., —
ly dependent on the interface area. Since carbon dioxide iS_« more
…
soluble in water than oxygen, and it is not so easily removed a bio-_
logical ex‘cess occurs long before its supersaturation point is reached,
»
Also, a static body of air above the surface does not remove carbon
as
quickly as a
one, and this effect is exaggerä.ted
by the very low levels of carbon dioxide which are normally found
in air. _Unfortunatelÿ in a tropical aquarium With
_
ahy continuous air currents-would cause appreciable heat losses, but
fina coldwater environment a steady flow of air above the aquarium
-_
,
.:car‘1 beused_t'o advantage.
’
.
‘
'