,
_
——
-
'fEheÀquätiîz Environment
! =
«_
The‘n‘exèhàngcäs ofdarbon dioxide ahd oxygen are so
‘
in opposite directions,
that they
usually treated as
…
.
pr0blem,and it is”Îoften not apparent
which is responsible for any
particulardifculty. However, high levels of carbon dioxide in the
water
charaCteristic result of high acidity. As more and
more, carbon dioxide is dissolved, the acidity of the water increases
'
and.may become so high “as to be dangerous. This behaviour explains
the experiences of aquarists whose‘planted environments apparently"
alter their acidity values with light intensity, because when the light
7
is str0ng the, photosynthetic action of the plants temporarily reduces
the acidity“ by large scale absorption of carbon dioxide from the
water. .
—
.
Light
=
—
‘
All life on earth exists on food which is directly or indirectly formed
from the light energyemitted from the sun. Light is at the bottom
of
fOod chains and is of paramount importance in all natural
environments. ln artificial aquatic environments light is usually pr0— -
vided to promote plant growth and to allow the aguàriSt to see the
inhabitants, but the “relationship between the applied light and the
_
requirements of the inhabit‘ants is rarely considered, although Some
interest is being
that more people are able to keep
_anemones
and living coral‘s, whose well-being depends ofi the correct
application of light.
,
.
-
’
.
'
.
-
‘
Of all the factors“ involved in “the successful maintenance “of
planted aquaria probably no other single subject has-created as much
cdntroversy among experie‘hced‘aquarists, or despon‘dencyamongst
beginners, as the. matter of how much andwhat kind of lightsh0uld
be provided. Lighting arrangements are often …blamed for entirely
unèonnected plant failures (e.g. the…clogging of’plant pores,by dirty _'
Water) and everyone"S opinion “on the subject SeemÎs-to vary::VaribuS î1
individuals whose “planted environments :a‘rîe successful often canno‘t,
'
or will not give anyreal reason why this=v=i5 so;
;.
.
-,
-
If a small planted aquatic environment such:as;a gardenfish-p‘Qndf
is studied, it will be seen that a«—ctical biological situation exists at
f
that time in its cycle ofjexistence when
will be seen that the maj or _Çp‘lant—
fill
Çthe available '
area-» and ft—hat…secondary xpÿ1‘at “>SÏ)€GÎËSÎ
such as algae and
i‘t—‘he fllght by; the \
:%f$tr9nger
do notthrwealth0ugh they:}mfayf
’
-
surv1ve until anotherpartofthenaülralcÿcle,when conditions
‘_
_
——
-
'fEheÀquätiîz Environment
! =
«_
The‘n‘exèhàngcäs ofdarbon dioxide ahd oxygen are so
‘
in opposite directions,
that they
usually treated as
…
.
pr0blem,and it is”Îoften not apparent
which is responsible for any
particulardifculty. However, high levels of carbon dioxide in the
water
charaCteristic result of high acidity. As more and
more, carbon dioxide is dissolved, the acidity of the water increases
'
and.may become so high “as to be dangerous. This behaviour explains
the experiences of aquarists whose‘planted environments apparently"
alter their acidity values with light intensity, because when the light
7
is str0ng the, photosynthetic action of the plants temporarily reduces
the acidity“ by large scale absorption of carbon dioxide from the
water. .
—
.
Light
=
—
‘
All life on earth exists on food which is directly or indirectly formed
from the light energyemitted from the sun. Light is at the bottom
of
fOod chains and is of paramount importance in all natural
environments. ln artificial aquatic environments light is usually pr0— -
vided to promote plant growth and to allow the aguàriSt to see the
inhabitants, but the “relationship between the applied light and the
_
requirements of the inhabit‘ants is rarely considered, although Some
interest is being
that more people are able to keep
_anemones
and living coral‘s, whose well-being depends ofi the correct
application of light.
,
.
-
’
.
'
.
-
‘
Of all the factors“ involved in “the successful maintenance “of
planted aquaria probably no other single subject has-created as much
cdntroversy among experie‘hced‘aquarists, or despon‘dencyamongst
beginners, as the. matter of how much andwhat kind of lightsh0uld
be provided. Lighting arrangements are often …blamed for entirely
unèonnected plant failures (e.g. the…clogging of’plant pores,by dirty _'
Water) and everyone"S opinion “on the subject SeemÎs-to vary::VaribuS î1
individuals whose “planted environments :a‘rîe successful often canno‘t,
'
or will not give anyreal reason why this=v=i5 so;
;.
.
-,
-
If a small planted aquatic environment such:as;a gardenfish-p‘Qndf
is studied, it will be seen that a«—ctical biological situation exists at
f
that time in its cycle ofjexistence when
will be seen that the maj or _Çp‘lant—
fill
Çthe available '
area-» and ft—hat…secondary xpÿ1‘at “>SÏ)€GÎËSÎ
such as algae and
i‘t—‘he fllght by; the \
:%f$tr9nger
do notthrwealth0ugh they:}mfayf
’
-
surv1ve until anotherpartofthenaülralcÿcle,when conditions
‘_