‘
_
‘
'E‘heAquatic Evironinent
-
to crowd an aquarium to the point where such equipmentii:‘
t0keep the fish alive, as emergencies occur
in even the*
m‘ostteliablc‘: systems, and…most aquarists’ set—ups
rather short
,
.
of this. Ari environment should therefore be planned, whenever
possible, to provide an excess
of water surface area suffiCient tof
eater for the needs of the inhabitants without artificial assistance.
Also,
theinhabitants are not fully mature when installed, allowance‘,should‘be_made to cope adequately with them' When they "have
‘
grown to full size. If this requirement cannot be met or if the likely'
final population is unknown (eg. when fish are _c0llected gradually
,
in a community. aquarium), carefül
coupled with exper—
”
“
—ierice Will be necessary in order to enable full use to be made of the
_
‘
environment, e-speCially if the fish are
still growing.
,
Fish kept in an environment which suffers from oxygen deficiencÿ
,will lie at the water surface with fins folded, gaSping and sucking in' '
“atmospheric Oxygen. They will not feed or remain active and if this
,
state persists for any appreciable time, they will invariably die.
.
The absorption of oxygen from air by water is‘ a continuous
_
process which takes place in the surface layer until the water is
5
satutated, i.e. full of all the oxygen that it can hold in a
.
‘Stat€- In‘ a
situation, that
slowly diffuses into the
_
"
lower levelsdf the water and is replaced from the surface. lt can
thusbe understood that if the surface layer is continuously changed
‘
by circulation the process of oxygen acquisition Will bespeeded up.
'
associated …stirring actioüspreads oXygen more easily to
_
all levels in the container. By this means, an otherwise barren volume
'
of water cari be completely Saturated With oxygen.
'
‘
.
=»Infpopulated aquaria it is essential to ensure; that the oxygeniS ,
replenished more quickly than the inhabitants use…it up, preferably
in such away that even if the circulating equipment is nOt working
‘
"
(
the water surface area
cope, at least f0r
time.‘ , , ;‘jiîÿ
Déspite this advice many aqua—rists Will, of} course, continue to “rely
_
'
heavily on" purhping equipment,but they sh0uld:at least realise the ' ‘
risks they run and should have? suitable back—up equipment available
for emergen‘cies, ‘. =
,
,
..
«
,
“ï:
Water does not… disso_lve
‘
with its volume, and
'
this_fàmo‘unt decreasesWlth1ncreas1ngwater
temperature Hier‘ree tp1 nnmnt m t1thn
"
coldwater ones and,asf1sh activity generally,‘infcreases with water
temperature, a ‘full,tï0plcal environment may require more artificial
‘
;
aSSîstanœ than anequwa1entcoldwater ,.'hàbîtat- There, ,is one Î 7
Condition, howevefwhichlstobecarefullr
and thrswthe
_
‘
'E‘heAquatic Evironinent
-
to crowd an aquarium to the point where such equipmentii:‘
t0keep the fish alive, as emergencies occur
in even the*
m‘ostteliablc‘: systems, and…most aquarists’ set—ups
rather short
,
.
of this. Ari environment should therefore be planned, whenever
possible, to provide an excess
of water surface area suffiCient tof
eater for the needs of the inhabitants without artificial assistance.
Also,
theinhabitants are not fully mature when installed, allowance‘,should‘be_made to cope adequately with them' When they "have
‘
grown to full size. If this requirement cannot be met or if the likely'
final population is unknown (eg. when fish are _c0llected gradually
,
in a community. aquarium), carefül
coupled with exper—
”
“
—ierice Will be necessary in order to enable full use to be made of the
_
‘
environment, e-speCially if the fish are
still growing.
,
Fish kept in an environment which suffers from oxygen deficiencÿ
,will lie at the water surface with fins folded, gaSping and sucking in' '
“atmospheric Oxygen. They will not feed or remain active and if this
,
state persists for any appreciable time, they will invariably die.
.
The absorption of oxygen from air by water is‘ a continuous
_
process which takes place in the surface layer until the water is
5
satutated, i.e. full of all the oxygen that it can hold in a
.
‘Stat€- In‘ a
situation, that
slowly diffuses into the
_
"
lower levelsdf the water and is replaced from the surface. lt can
thusbe understood that if the surface layer is continuously changed
‘
by circulation the process of oxygen acquisition Will bespeeded up.
'
associated …stirring actioüspreads oXygen more easily to
_
all levels in the container. By this means, an otherwise barren volume
'
of water cari be completely Saturated With oxygen.
'
‘
.
=»Infpopulated aquaria it is essential to ensure; that the oxygeniS ,
replenished more quickly than the inhabitants use…it up, preferably
in such away that even if the circulating equipment is nOt working
‘
"
(
the water surface area
cope, at least f0r
time.‘ , , ;‘jiîÿ
Déspite this advice many aqua—rists Will, of} course, continue to “rely
_
'
heavily on" purhping equipment,but they sh0uld:at least realise the ' ‘
risks they run and should have? suitable back—up equipment available
for emergen‘cies, ‘. =
,
,
..
«
,
“ï:
Water does not… disso_lve
‘
with its volume, and
'
this_fàmo‘unt decreasesWlth1ncreas1ngwater
temperature Hier‘ree tp1 nnmnt m t1thn
"
coldwater ones and,asf1sh activity generally,‘infcreases with water
temperature, a ‘full,tï0plcal environment may require more artificial
‘
;
aSSîstanœ than anequwa1entcoldwater ,.'hàbîtat- There, ,is one Î 7
Condition, howevefwhichlstobecarefullr
and thrswthe