PAGE
SECTION
4.6
ROLE OF FOREDUNES IN SHORE PROCESSES................................................... 4-111
4.61
BACKGROUND............................................................................................................. 4-111
4.62
ROLE OF FOREDUNES................................................................................................4-113
4.621
Prévention of Overtopping.......................................................................4-113
4.622
Réservoir of Beach Sand........................................................................... 4-115
4.623
Long-Term Effects......................................................................................... 4-115
4.7
SEDIMENT BUDGET..................................................................................................... 4-116
4.71
DEFINITIONS.............................................................................................................4-116
4.711
Sédiment Budget..............................................................................................4-116
4.712
Eléments of Sédiment Budget...................................................................4-117
4.713
Sédiment Budget Boundaries .............................................................
4-119
4.72
SOURCE OF LITTORAL MATERIAL......................................................................... 4-119
4.721
Rivers..................................................................................
4-119
4.722
Erosion of Shores and Cliffs.............................................................. 4-121
4.723
Transport from Offshore Slope.............................................................. 4-121
4.724
Windblown Sédiment Sources .............................................................
4-123
4.725
Carbonate Production ........................................................................... 4-123
4.726
Beach Replenishment.....................................................................................4-123
4.73
SINKS FOR LITTORAL MATERIALS.................................................................... 4-124
4.731
Inlets and Lagoons..................................................................................... 4-124
4.732
Overwash........................................................................................................... 4-124
4.733
Backshore and Dune Storage................................................................... 4-124
4.734
Offshore Slopes.............................................................................................. 4-127
4.735
Submarine Canyons..........................................................................................4-127
4.736
Déflation............................................................................................................4-129
4.737
Carbonate Loss.............................................................................................. 4-129
4.738
Mining and Dredging..................................................................................... 4-129
4.74
CONVECTION OF LITTORAL MATERIALS .....................................................
4-131
4.75
RELATIVE CHANGE IN SEA LEVEL.................................................................... 4-131
4.76
SUMMARY OF SEDIMENT BUDGET ...................................................................
4-131
4.8
ENGINEERING STUDY OF LITTORAL PROCESSES..............................................4-139
4.81
OFFICE STUDY........................................................................................................4-139
4.811
Sources of Data........................................................................................ 4-139
4.812
Interprétation of Shoreline Position ...................................... 4-140
4.82
FIELD STUDY............................................................................................................ 4-147
4.821
Wave Data Collection...............................................................................4-147
4.822
Sédiment Sampling........................................................................................ 4-147
4.823
Surveys.............................................................................................................. 4-147
4.824
Tracers.............................................................................................................. 4-150
4.83
SEDIMENT TRANSPORT CALCULATIONS..................................................................4-152
4.831
Longshore Transport Rate.......................................................................4-152
4.832
Onshore-Offshore Motion...........................................................................4-153
4.833
Sédiment Budget............................................................................................. 4-154
REFERENCES AND SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY .............................................. 4-155
X