567
Index
Salting out, 256–257
organic matter, 407
Setchenow equation, 230–231
Salts, from evaporation of seawater, 78–81, 82
Salt wedge estuary, 37
Satellites, 8
Saturated hydrocarbons, 419
Saturation anomalies, 238–241
Saturation state, 296, 316
Scale particle theory, 257
Seafloor spreading, 116
Sea ice, 84
Sea levels, 209
Sea of Marmara, 465
Sea salt, 55–56
Seasonal thermocline, 6
Seawater; See also Deep waters; Surface waters
acid–base equilibria, 264–269
artificial, 68–69
chlorinity. See Chlorinity
colligative properties, 545
composition; See also individual elements
and air–sea exchange, 82–84
anoxic basins, 84
and biological interactions, 109–113
brine mixtures, 81
calcium profiles, 81
conservative components, 57; See also
Chlorinity
elements in, 55, 91–97; See also Elements
estuaries, 69–78
interstitial waters, 84–85
ionic components, 163–175
isolated basins, 78–81
isotopic variations, 85–87
metals, 91–97, 165, 168–171
nitrogen compounds, 342–359
nonconservative components, 69–85
phases, 55–57
phosphorus, 335–342
reference values, 66–69
sea ice, 84
silicon in, 359–362
and submarine volcanism, 81
trace elements, 91, 92, 102–109
at vents. See Hydrothermal vent waters
density–conductivity relationship, 62
density of, 5, 12, 177
electric potential, 157–159
equilibrium constants, 265
equivalent weights, 67–69
freezing point, 6
ionic strength, 67–69
molality, 67–69
pH. See pH
physical properties, 175–180
pK, 270
salinity. See Salinity
salinity–conductivity relationship, 60–62
sigma-T profiles, 12–14
solubility
calcium carbonate, 295–307
gases, 229–232, 256–257
oxygen, 242–252
standard, 58, 64
synthetic, 143–145, 267–269
temperature distribution, 2, 5–16
thermochemical properties, 543
total alkalinity (TA), 65, 274–276
total carbon dioxide (TCO 2 ), 275–278
volumetric properties, 540, 541
zones, 6
Seawater scale, 267
SeaWIFS (sea-viewing wide field-of-view
sensor), 381–382
Second law of photochemistry, 425
Sedimentary cycle, circulation of elements, 114,
116, 118–119, 121–127
Sediments
anoxic, 455–459
calcite in, 298
carbon storage, 260
element cycling, 111–112, 114, 116, 118–119,
121–127
hydrogen sulfide oxidation kinetics, 495–502
ionic aluminum from, 198
phosphate in, 340
pore water composition, 84–85; See also Pore
waters
remobilization of metals, 111–113
steroids in, 420
thiosulfate formation, 471
types of, 4–5
Sediment traps, 415
Selenium (Se), 104
Setchenow salting out equation, 230–231
Severn River, 36
Sewage, organic matter from, 407
Shelves, metals distribution, 108
Shore, defined, 2–3
Sigma-T profiles, 12–14
deep waters, 14
surface waters, 14–15
Significant structure theory, 139
Index
Salting out, 256–257
organic matter, 407
Setchenow equation, 230–231
Salts, from evaporation of seawater, 78–81, 82
Salt wedge estuary, 37
Satellites, 8
Saturated hydrocarbons, 419
Saturation anomalies, 238–241
Saturation state, 296, 316
Scale particle theory, 257
Seafloor spreading, 116
Sea ice, 84
Sea levels, 209
Sea of Marmara, 465
Sea salt, 55–56
Seasonal thermocline, 6
Seawater; See also Deep waters; Surface waters
acid–base equilibria, 264–269
artificial, 68–69
chlorinity. See Chlorinity
colligative properties, 545
composition; See also individual elements
and air–sea exchange, 82–84
anoxic basins, 84
and biological interactions, 109–113
brine mixtures, 81
calcium profiles, 81
conservative components, 57; See also
Chlorinity
elements in, 55, 91–97; See also Elements
estuaries, 69–78
interstitial waters, 84–85
ionic components, 163–175
isolated basins, 78–81
isotopic variations, 85–87
metals, 91–97, 165, 168–171
nitrogen compounds, 342–359
nonconservative components, 69–85
phases, 55–57
phosphorus, 335–342
reference values, 66–69
sea ice, 84
silicon in, 359–362
and submarine volcanism, 81
trace elements, 91, 92, 102–109
at vents. See Hydrothermal vent waters
density–conductivity relationship, 62
density of, 5, 12, 177
electric potential, 157–159
equilibrium constants, 265
equivalent weights, 67–69
freezing point, 6
ionic strength, 67–69
molality, 67–69
pH. See pH
physical properties, 175–180
pK, 270
salinity. See Salinity
salinity–conductivity relationship, 60–62
sigma-T profiles, 12–14
solubility
calcium carbonate, 295–307
gases, 229–232, 256–257
oxygen, 242–252
standard, 58, 64
synthetic, 143–145, 267–269
temperature distribution, 2, 5–16
thermochemical properties, 543
total alkalinity (TA), 65, 274–276
total carbon dioxide (TCO 2 ), 275–278
volumetric properties, 540, 541
zones, 6
Seawater scale, 267
SeaWIFS (sea-viewing wide field-of-view
sensor), 381–382
Second law of photochemistry, 425
Sedimentary cycle, circulation of elements, 114,
116, 118–119, 121–127
Sediments
anoxic, 455–459
calcite in, 298
carbon storage, 260
element cycling, 111–112, 114, 116, 118–119,
121–127
hydrogen sulfide oxidation kinetics, 495–502
ionic aluminum from, 198
phosphate in, 340
pore water composition, 84–85; See also Pore
waters
remobilization of metals, 111–113
steroids in, 420
thiosulfate formation, 471
types of, 4–5
Sediment traps, 415
Selenium (Se), 104
Setchenow salting out equation, 230–231
Severn River, 36
Sewage, organic matter from, 407
Shelves, metals distribution, 108
Shore, defined, 2–3
Sigma-T profiles, 12–14
deep waters, 14
surface waters, 14–15
Significant structure theory, 139