565
Index
rate of, 374–375
removal of carbon dioxide, 259
Photosynthetic quotient (PQ), 369
Photosynthetic zone, 373
Physical constants, 537
Physical oceanography
descriptive approach, 1–2
dynamic approach, 1, 2
goal of, 1
Phytoplankton
C:N:P ratio, 357–359, 456
classification of, 367
factors affecting growth of, 374–376
Fe:P ratios, 385
growth and distribution, 376–380
iron concentrations, 384
iron limitation, 383–387; See also Iron
hypothesis
life span, 381
metals affinity, 109
micronutrient requirements, 335
N:P ratio, 354
and nitrogen cycle, 349
nitrogen fixation, 345–346
oxidation of organic matter, 250, 252
oxidation ratio, 356–358
P:N:C:O ratio, 357–359
P:N:C ratio, 354
phosphorus requirements, 341
photochemical energy conversion efficiency,
385
primary production, 367–369
production of particulate matter by, 112–113
remote sensing techniques, 380–382
standing crop, 369, 370
Phytoplankton blooms
and dimethylsulfonium propionate levels,
219
and metal ions, 129–130
reflectance, 382
springtime, 377
and surface water pCO 2 , 285
Pigments maps, 380–382
pK, seawater, 270
Plants
biological oxidation, 243, 248, 279–280, 362,
364
carbohydrates in, 417
carbon dioxide uptake, 310
major nutrients, 383
organic carbon from, 406–407
oxidation ratio, 356–358
phosphorus compounds from
decomposition, 335
Plumes. See Hydrothermal vent waters
Poisson–Boltzmann equation, 175
Polar Current, 30–31
Polar gyres, 25
Polar ice caps, 34–35
Polar vortex, 217
Polyatomic molecules, 427
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), 408
Polynyas, 34
Polysaccharides, 417
Polysulfides, 483, 499
Pore waters
anoxic, 455–459
composition, 84–85
hydrogen sulfide oxidation kinetics, 495–502
phosphate in, 340
Positive estuary, 36
Potassium (K)
air–sea exchange, 82
measuring, 66
in pore waters, 84–85
rock origins, 125
in vent waters, 446
Potential temperature. See Adiabatic
temperature
Precipitation. See Rainwater
Precipitation reactions, metals, 111–113
Preformed value, 362
Pressure
and gas solubility, 238–241
and volumetric properties of seawater, 541
Primary production
estimating from pigment biomass, 380–382
geographical distribution, 379
iron hypothesis, 383–403
measuring, 370–372
microbial transformations, 403–405
new, 370, 372–374
and organic matter, 405–421
photosynthesis, 367–369, 373
and phytoplankton growth, 374–377
rate of, 369–370
regenerative, 370
remote sensing techniques, 380–382
seasonal variations, 377
Production; See also Primary production
and carbon dioxide use by plants, 259
and metal ions, 129–130
new, 373
Prokaryotes, 403–404
Propane, 451
Index
rate of, 374–375
removal of carbon dioxide, 259
Photosynthetic quotient (PQ), 369
Photosynthetic zone, 373
Physical constants, 537
Physical oceanography
descriptive approach, 1–2
dynamic approach, 1, 2
goal of, 1
Phytoplankton
C:N:P ratio, 357–359, 456
classification of, 367
factors affecting growth of, 374–376
Fe:P ratios, 385
growth and distribution, 376–380
iron concentrations, 384
iron limitation, 383–387; See also Iron
hypothesis
life span, 381
metals affinity, 109
micronutrient requirements, 335
N:P ratio, 354
and nitrogen cycle, 349
nitrogen fixation, 345–346
oxidation of organic matter, 250, 252
oxidation ratio, 356–358
P:N:C:O ratio, 357–359
P:N:C ratio, 354
phosphorus requirements, 341
photochemical energy conversion efficiency,
385
primary production, 367–369
production of particulate matter by, 112–113
remote sensing techniques, 380–382
standing crop, 369, 370
Phytoplankton blooms
and dimethylsulfonium propionate levels,
219
and metal ions, 129–130
reflectance, 382
springtime, 377
and surface water pCO 2 , 285
Pigments maps, 380–382
pK, seawater, 270
Plants
biological oxidation, 243, 248, 279–280, 362,
364
carbohydrates in, 417
carbon dioxide uptake, 310
major nutrients, 383
organic carbon from, 406–407
oxidation ratio, 356–358
phosphorus compounds from
decomposition, 335
Plumes. See Hydrothermal vent waters
Poisson–Boltzmann equation, 175
Polar Current, 30–31
Polar gyres, 25
Polar ice caps, 34–35
Polar vortex, 217
Polyatomic molecules, 427
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), 408
Polynyas, 34
Polysaccharides, 417
Polysulfides, 483, 499
Pore waters
anoxic, 455–459
composition, 84–85
hydrogen sulfide oxidation kinetics, 495–502
phosphate in, 340
Positive estuary, 36
Potassium (K)
air–sea exchange, 82
measuring, 66
in pore waters, 84–85
rock origins, 125
in vent waters, 446
Potential temperature. See Adiabatic
temperature
Precipitation. See Rainwater
Precipitation reactions, metals, 111–113
Preformed value, 362
Pressure
and gas solubility, 238–241
and volumetric properties of seawater, 541
Primary production
estimating from pigment biomass, 380–382
geographical distribution, 379
iron hypothesis, 383–403
measuring, 370–372
microbial transformations, 403–405
new, 370, 372–374
and organic matter, 405–421
photosynthesis, 367–369, 373
and phytoplankton growth, 374–377
rate of, 369–370
regenerative, 370
remote sensing techniques, 380–382
seasonal variations, 377
Production; See also Primary production
and carbon dioxide use by plants, 259
and metal ions, 129–130
new, 373
Prokaryotes, 403–404
Propane, 451