562
Index
North Atlantic
calcite/aragonite saturation profiles, 298
carbon dioxide storage, 310–314
currents, 17
deep waters, 26
circulation, 47, 49
salinity, 49
temperature, 49
tritium measurements, 22–24
dissolved organic carbon (DOC), 410–412
dissolved oxygen profiles, 244, 247
N:P ratio, 355–356
nitrate profiles, 349
residence time, 47, 49
surface water salinity, 9–10
total alkalinity (TA) profiles, 290
total carbon dioxide (TCO 2 ) profiles, 293
tritium profiles, 41–42
water masses, 22–24
North Atlantic Current, 18
North Atlantic deep waters (NADWs)
dissolved oxygen profiles, 244
gas saturation anomalies, 241
nitrate as tracer, 364
North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), 50–51
Northeastern trade winds, 31
North Equatorial Countercurrent, 27, 28
North Equatorial Current, 18, 27, 28, 31
Northern Hemisphere, 17
North Indian Ocean, 349
North Pacific
bottom water, 29
calcite/aragonite saturation profiles, 298
calcium profile, 81
14 C/C ratio, 40
dissolved organic carbon (DOC), 410–412
dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), 352–353
dissolved organic phosphate (DOP), 352–353
dissolved oxygen profiles, 244, 247
gyre, 27
intermediate water, 29
iron levels, 385
nitrate profiles, 349
phytoplankton stocks, 383
surface water salinity, 9–10, 28–29
total alkalinity (TA), 290
total carbon dioxide (TCO 2 ), 293
T-S diagrams, 29–30
Norwegian Current, 18, 32
Norwegian fjords, 36
Norwegian Sea, 22, 32–34
Nucleotide coenzymes, 340–341
Nutrient profiles, and dissolved oxygen, 248
Nutrient type profile, 102–104
O
OACES. See Ocean-Atmosphere Carbon
Exchange Study
Ocean(s)
acidification. See Acidification, oceans
age of water masses, 45–51
carbon dioxide storage, 310–314
common water, 29
“conveyor belt” circulation, 49
dissolved oxygen, 243–252
fossil fuel inputs, 307–314
ion exchange reaction, 118–119
mean depth, 2
nitrogen inputs, 345
organic matter inputs, 406–409
pH, 118–119, 158–161
physical characteristics, 2–5
stirring revolution, 124
stresses on surface waters, 209–210
water cycle, 10–11
Ocean-Atmosphere Carbon Exchange Study
(OACES), 2
Ocean basins, 3–4
Ocean floor, 2–5
Oceanic (common) water, 29
Oceanography, 1
Ocean-rock partition coefficient, 122–125
Ocean waters. See Seawater
Olefins, 419
Oligoclas, 478
Oligotrophic waters,, 431
Organic carbon, from inorganic carbon, 281
Organic compounds
aerosols, 224
function of in seawater, 406
interactions with trace elements, 110
–metal complexes, 97, 129–130, 160–161
microbial metabolism of, 403–405
organic-phosphorus compounds, 335, 340
oxidation of, 369
photoreactions, 431
and phytoplankton growth, 376
and primary production, 405–421
reactions with superoxide anions, 438
sources, 367–369
Organic ligands, 317, 320–323, 326–329
–metal complexes, 97, 129–130, 160–161
Index
North Atlantic
calcite/aragonite saturation profiles, 298
carbon dioxide storage, 310–314
currents, 17
deep waters, 26
circulation, 47, 49
salinity, 49
temperature, 49
tritium measurements, 22–24
dissolved organic carbon (DOC), 410–412
dissolved oxygen profiles, 244, 247
N:P ratio, 355–356
nitrate profiles, 349
residence time, 47, 49
surface water salinity, 9–10
total alkalinity (TA) profiles, 290
total carbon dioxide (TCO 2 ) profiles, 293
tritium profiles, 41–42
water masses, 22–24
North Atlantic Current, 18
North Atlantic deep waters (NADWs)
dissolved oxygen profiles, 244
gas saturation anomalies, 241
nitrate as tracer, 364
North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), 50–51
Northeastern trade winds, 31
North Equatorial Countercurrent, 27, 28
North Equatorial Current, 18, 27, 28, 31
Northern Hemisphere, 17
North Indian Ocean, 349
North Pacific
bottom water, 29
calcite/aragonite saturation profiles, 298
calcium profile, 81
14 C/C ratio, 40
dissolved organic carbon (DOC), 410–412
dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), 352–353
dissolved organic phosphate (DOP), 352–353
dissolved oxygen profiles, 244, 247
gyre, 27
intermediate water, 29
iron levels, 385
nitrate profiles, 349
phytoplankton stocks, 383
surface water salinity, 9–10, 28–29
total alkalinity (TA), 290
total carbon dioxide (TCO 2 ), 293
T-S diagrams, 29–30
Norwegian Current, 18, 32
Norwegian fjords, 36
Norwegian Sea, 22, 32–34
Nucleotide coenzymes, 340–341
Nutrient profiles, and dissolved oxygen, 248
Nutrient type profile, 102–104
O
OACES. See Ocean-Atmosphere Carbon
Exchange Study
Ocean(s)
acidification. See Acidification, oceans
age of water masses, 45–51
carbon dioxide storage, 310–314
common water, 29
“conveyor belt” circulation, 49
dissolved oxygen, 243–252
fossil fuel inputs, 307–314
ion exchange reaction, 118–119
mean depth, 2
nitrogen inputs, 345
organic matter inputs, 406–409
pH, 118–119, 158–161
physical characteristics, 2–5
stirring revolution, 124
stresses on surface waters, 209–210
water cycle, 10–11
Ocean-Atmosphere Carbon Exchange Study
(OACES), 2
Ocean basins, 3–4
Ocean floor, 2–5
Oceanic (common) water, 29
Oceanography, 1
Ocean-rock partition coefficient, 122–125
Ocean waters. See Seawater
Olefins, 419
Oligoclas, 478
Oligotrophic waters,, 431
Organic carbon, from inorganic carbon, 281
Organic compounds
aerosols, 224
function of in seawater, 406
interactions with trace elements, 110
–metal complexes, 97, 129–130, 160–161
microbial metabolism of, 403–405
organic-phosphorus compounds, 335, 340
oxidation of, 369
photoreactions, 431
and phytoplankton growth, 376
and primary production, 405–421
reactions with superoxide anions, 438
sources, 367–369
Organic ligands, 317, 320–323, 326–329
–metal complexes, 97, 129–130, 160–161