554
Index
Dissociation constants
ammonium, 342–343
carbonate system, 273
hydrogen sulfide, 497
water, 131–132, 264–269
Dissociation energy, molecules, 427–430
Dissolved organic carbon (DOC)
at air-sea interface, 407–408
amino acids in, 419
deep waters, 410–413
global distribution, 412
hydrocarbons in, 419
lipid fraction, 416
measuring, 409
profiles, 409–413
residence times, 406
river transport of, 406–407
seasonal variations, 409–410
surface waters, 406, 412–413
Dissolved organic matter (DOM)
carbohydrates in, 418
composition, 406, 413–415, 418
humic substances in, 406, 415
measuring, 413
percent DOC, 409
residence times, 406
separation methods, 414–415
as source of hydroxyl radicals, 440
“unresolved complex mixture,” 414
Dissolved organic nitrogen (DON)
measuring, 409, 413
surface water, 352–354
Dissolved organic phosphate (DOP)
measuring, 409, 413
surface water, 352–354
Dissolved oxygen
distribution profiles, 243–252
measuring, 242–243
and nutrient profiles, 248
sources, 244
Dissolved solids, 69–78
Dissolved solutes
in air bubbles, 82, 84
anoxic basins, 84
in brine mixtures, 81
in estuarine water, 69–78
and evaporation, 78–81
inorganic. See Inorganic solutes
measuring, 64–66
organic. See Organic solutes
in sea ice, 84
seawater, 55–57
vent waters, 81
Distenols, 421
Divalent ions, pH and, 320–323
Dolomite, 84
Dust, atmospheric, 106, 221, 223
Dynamic oceanography, 1, 2
E
Eastern Tropical South Pacific (ETSP), 349–350
East Greenland Current, 32, 33
East Pacific, vent systems, 441, 445
East wind drift, 25
Eddy diffusion, 17
EDTA, 97, 376
EisenEx (experiment of the addition of iron to
seawater), 399–403
El Chichon volcano, 190
Electric potential, seawater, 157–159
Electrolytes; See also Ions
activity coefficients, 154–155, 159, 162–166,
171–175
dissolution of gases, 256–257
excess mixing properties, 177–180
ion–ion interactions, 153–175
ion–water interactions, 141–153
mixed solutions
activity coefficients, 166, 171–175
properties, 176–180
Electromagnetic radiation, 428–429
Electromotive force, 265–267, 276
Electronegativity, 124–125
Electron volts, 428
Electrostatic interactions
in aqueous solutions, 175
ion pairs, 155
metal complexes, 91
Elements
atomic weights, 533–535
classification, 91–97
distribution, 102–109
in dust, 106, 221, 223
electronegativity, 124–125
geochemical balance, 113–114, 116, 118–119,
121–127
major, 55, 92, 93–94
minor, 55, 91, 92, 93–94
movement from surface to sediments,
111–113
oxidation states and distribution, 106
phases, separation methods, 55–56
reactivity, 98
residence times, 98–101
in seawater, 91–97
Index
Dissociation constants
ammonium, 342–343
carbonate system, 273
hydrogen sulfide, 497
water, 131–132, 264–269
Dissociation energy, molecules, 427–430
Dissolved organic carbon (DOC)
at air-sea interface, 407–408
amino acids in, 419
deep waters, 410–413
global distribution, 412
hydrocarbons in, 419
lipid fraction, 416
measuring, 409
profiles, 409–413
residence times, 406
river transport of, 406–407
seasonal variations, 409–410
surface waters, 406, 412–413
Dissolved organic matter (DOM)
carbohydrates in, 418
composition, 406, 413–415, 418
humic substances in, 406, 415
measuring, 413
percent DOC, 409
residence times, 406
separation methods, 414–415
as source of hydroxyl radicals, 440
“unresolved complex mixture,” 414
Dissolved organic nitrogen (DON)
measuring, 409, 413
surface water, 352–354
Dissolved organic phosphate (DOP)
measuring, 409, 413
surface water, 352–354
Dissolved oxygen
distribution profiles, 243–252
measuring, 242–243
and nutrient profiles, 248
sources, 244
Dissolved solids, 69–78
Dissolved solutes
in air bubbles, 82, 84
anoxic basins, 84
in brine mixtures, 81
in estuarine water, 69–78
and evaporation, 78–81
inorganic. See Inorganic solutes
measuring, 64–66
organic. See Organic solutes
in sea ice, 84
seawater, 55–57
vent waters, 81
Distenols, 421
Divalent ions, pH and, 320–323
Dolomite, 84
Dust, atmospheric, 106, 221, 223
Dynamic oceanography, 1, 2
E
Eastern Tropical South Pacific (ETSP), 349–350
East Greenland Current, 32, 33
East Pacific, vent systems, 441, 445
East wind drift, 25
Eddy diffusion, 17
EDTA, 97, 376
EisenEx (experiment of the addition of iron to
seawater), 399–403
El Chichon volcano, 190
Electric potential, seawater, 157–159
Electrolytes; See also Ions
activity coefficients, 154–155, 159, 162–166,
171–175
dissolution of gases, 256–257
excess mixing properties, 177–180
ion–ion interactions, 153–175
ion–water interactions, 141–153
mixed solutions
activity coefficients, 166, 171–175
properties, 176–180
Electromagnetic radiation, 428–429
Electromotive force, 265–267, 276
Electronegativity, 124–125
Electron volts, 428
Electrostatic interactions
in aqueous solutions, 175
ion pairs, 155
metal complexes, 91
Elements
atomic weights, 533–535
classification, 91–97
distribution, 102–109
in dust, 106, 221, 223
electronegativity, 124–125
geochemical balance, 113–114, 116, 118–119,
121–127
major, 55, 92, 93–94
minor, 55, 91, 92, 93–94
movement from surface to sediments,
111–113
oxidation states and distribution, 106
phases, separation methods, 55–56
reactivity, 98
residence times, 98–101
in seawater, 91–97