553
Index
residence time, 100
speciation, 166, 320–323
in surface waters, 438
toxicity, 129, 320–323
Corals, 316–317
Coriolis force, 17, 25, 35
Cosmogenous sediments, 5
Costal plain estuary, 36
Costa Rican thermal dome, 28
Covalent bonds, ion pairs, 155
Cromwell Current, 27, 29
Cross-square rule, 178
Crystal basalts, 443
Crystals, lattice energy, 141
Cyanobacteria
dimethylsulfonium propionate levels, 219
growth and iron concentrations, 385
metabolism of organic matter, 404
nitrogen fixation, 347–348
Cysteine, 376
Cytochrome I, 367
D
d 0 cations, 91–92
d 10 cations, 92, 94, 97
Dalton’s law of partial pressures, 227–229
Dark reactions, photosynthesis, 369
DDT, 408
Death phase, phytoplankton growth, 377
Debye–Hückel theory, 130, 141, 154–155
Deep basin estuary, 36
Deep-sea bottom, 3–4
Deep sea trenches, water temperature, 6–8
Deep waters
absolute salinity, 62–63
air injection, 241
carbonate system, 279–280, 295–307
carbon dioxide
depth profiles, 285–286
transport, 259
density, 13–14
D/H ratios, 86
dissolved organic carbon (DOC), 406,
410–412, 413
dissolved solutes, 56
hydrogen peroxide half-times, 432
hydroxyl radical concentration, 440
metals distribution, 108, 111
N:P ratio, 355–356
nitrate profiles, 348–349
normalized total alkalinity (NTA), 290
organic matter sources, 407
oxygen isotopes, 86–87
oxygen limited, 454; See also Anoxic waters
oxygen profiles, 243–252
particulate organic matter, 415–416
phosphorus profiles, 341–342
pH profiles, 286–288
primary production in, 373
salinity distribution, 11
sigma-T profile, 14
temperature distribution, 6, 11
total alkalinity (TA), 288–291
total carbon dioxide (TCO 2 ), 291–295
trace element enrichment, 105–106
Delayed fluorescence, 429–430
Denitrification
anoxic basins, 348, 456–459
equations, 456–457
Density
–conductivity relationship, 62
and river water salinity, 75–78
and seawater salinity, 58–64
stratification, 454
Descriptive oceanography, 1–2
Deserts, dust aerosols, 106, 221, 223
Deuterium ( 2 H, D), 85–86
Diatom oozes, 360, 361, 362
Diatoms
formation of, 359
iron requirements, 384
micronutrient requirements, 335, 384
silica uptake, 360, 361–362
Diazonium ion, 343
Dichlorofluoromethane (F-12), 42
Dicothermal layer, 6
Dielectric constant
inorganic compounds, 132
and ion pairing, 155–156
water, 131–132
Diffusion, distribution of gases, 232–237
Dimethylsulfide (DMS)
atmospheric distribution, 220
oxidation products, 219–220
sources, 219
Dimethyl sulfone (DMSO 2 ), 220
Dimethylsulfonium propionate (DMSP), 219
Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), 220
Dinoflagellates
autotrophic, 389
dimethylsulfonium propionate levels, 219
Dipole–dipole interactions, 132–134
Dipole moment, 132–133, 139
Disaccharides, 417
Dissociation, heats of, 141
Index
residence time, 100
speciation, 166, 320–323
in surface waters, 438
toxicity, 129, 320–323
Corals, 316–317
Coriolis force, 17, 25, 35
Cosmogenous sediments, 5
Costal plain estuary, 36
Costa Rican thermal dome, 28
Covalent bonds, ion pairs, 155
Cromwell Current, 27, 29
Cross-square rule, 178
Crystal basalts, 443
Crystals, lattice energy, 141
Cyanobacteria
dimethylsulfonium propionate levels, 219
growth and iron concentrations, 385
metabolism of organic matter, 404
nitrogen fixation, 347–348
Cysteine, 376
Cytochrome I, 367
D
d 0 cations, 91–92
d 10 cations, 92, 94, 97
Dalton’s law of partial pressures, 227–229
Dark reactions, photosynthesis, 369
DDT, 408
Death phase, phytoplankton growth, 377
Debye–Hückel theory, 130, 141, 154–155
Deep basin estuary, 36
Deep-sea bottom, 3–4
Deep sea trenches, water temperature, 6–8
Deep waters
absolute salinity, 62–63
air injection, 241
carbonate system, 279–280, 295–307
carbon dioxide
depth profiles, 285–286
transport, 259
density, 13–14
D/H ratios, 86
dissolved organic carbon (DOC), 406,
410–412, 413
dissolved solutes, 56
hydrogen peroxide half-times, 432
hydroxyl radical concentration, 440
metals distribution, 108, 111
N:P ratio, 355–356
nitrate profiles, 348–349
normalized total alkalinity (NTA), 290
organic matter sources, 407
oxygen isotopes, 86–87
oxygen limited, 454; See also Anoxic waters
oxygen profiles, 243–252
particulate organic matter, 415–416
phosphorus profiles, 341–342
pH profiles, 286–288
primary production in, 373
salinity distribution, 11
sigma-T profile, 14
temperature distribution, 6, 11
total alkalinity (TA), 288–291
total carbon dioxide (TCO 2 ), 291–295
trace element enrichment, 105–106
Delayed fluorescence, 429–430
Denitrification
anoxic basins, 348, 456–459
equations, 456–457
Density
–conductivity relationship, 62
and river water salinity, 75–78
and seawater salinity, 58–64
stratification, 454
Descriptive oceanography, 1–2
Deserts, dust aerosols, 106, 221, 223
Deuterium ( 2 H, D), 85–86
Diatom oozes, 360, 361, 362
Diatoms
formation of, 359
iron requirements, 384
micronutrient requirements, 335, 384
silica uptake, 360, 361–362
Diazonium ion, 343
Dichlorofluoromethane (F-12), 42
Dicothermal layer, 6
Dielectric constant
inorganic compounds, 132
and ion pairing, 155–156
water, 131–132
Diffusion, distribution of gases, 232–237
Dimethylsulfide (DMS)
atmospheric distribution, 220
oxidation products, 219–220
sources, 219
Dimethyl sulfone (DMSO 2 ), 220
Dimethylsulfonium propionate (DMSP), 219
Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), 220
Dinoflagellates
autotrophic, 389
dimethylsulfonium propionate levels, 219
Dipole–dipole interactions, 132–134
Dipole moment, 132–133, 139
Disaccharides, 417
Dissociation, heats of, 141