549
Index
total dissolved carbon dioxide (TCO 2 ),
291–295
tritium profiles, 42
T-S diagrams, 21
vertical circulation, 24
vertical salinity distribution, 11
water masses, 21–24; See also North Atlantic;
South Atlantic
Atmosphere
active species, 184; See also individual radicals
aerosols and, 221–225
carbon-14 decay, 38–40
carbon dioxide levels, 259
carbon monoxide in, 188–189
chlorofluorocarbons, 42–45
composition, 189–192, 227–229
dimethylsulfide distribution, 220
dust aerosols, 106, 221, 223
element fallout, 98
gases
major, 189–190, 227
minor, 189–190, 227
trace, 198–207
hydroxyl radicals in, 185–189, 192–193
layers of, 183
light scattering, 381–382
methane, sources, 206
nitrogen gases, 192–198
nitrous oxide in, 193–196
organic matter inputs, 407–408
ozone depletion, 183, 210–218
ozone reactions, 184–189, 192–196
reactive nitrogen species, 192–198
–sea exchange. See Air–sea interface
sulfur compounds, 219–221
sulfur dioxide in, 196–197
temperature changes, 183–184
tritium decay, 40–42
water vapor in, 227
Atomic number, and residence times, 99–100
Atomic weights, elements, 533–535
ATP (adenosine triphosphate), 340, 367, 369
Autochthonous carbon, 407
B
Bacteria
chemoautotrophic, 441
chemolithotrophic, 441, 443
chemosynthesis, 441, 443
manganese-oxidizing, 466
nitrification, 348
nitrogen fixation, 347–348
photoautolithotrophic, 441, 443
sulfate-reducing, 87, 490
Baffin Land Bay Current, 33
Bahamas Banks, 81, 306
Baltic Sea estuary
anoxic waters, 455
dissolved constituents, 71–77
permanent halocline, 460
Bar build estuary, 36
Barium (Ba), 102
Barometric pressure, and gas solubility, 238–241
Basalt, 444
Bases, 268
Bay of Bengal, 31
Benguela Current, 20
Bering Strait, 33
Bermuda Atlantic Time Series (BATS) station
N:P ratio, 356
nitrate profiles, 349, 374
pCO 2 profiles, 284
Bicarbonate
measuring, 65
rock origins, 125
Bioadsorption, metals, 111–112
Bioconcentration
metals, 111
trace elements, 109–113
Biogenous sediments, 4
Biological oceanography, 1
Biological pump, 259, 285
Biomass
estimating with remote sensing techniques,
380–382
microorganisms, 404–405
phytoplankton, 369, 370
Biosphere
carbon storage, 260
and trace elements, 110
Bjerrum theory, 130, 154, 161–166, 268–269
Black Sea
anoxic waters, 459–466
area of, 459
carbonate system, 465
density, 460
dissolved solutes, 84
hydrogen sulfide, 460–466, 493, 497, 501
nutrients, 460–466
oxic-anoxic interface, 460–461
phosphate:hydrogen sulfide ratio, 493
rare earth series metals, 463, 465
redox reactions, 108
Index
total dissolved carbon dioxide (TCO 2 ),
291–295
tritium profiles, 42
T-S diagrams, 21
vertical circulation, 24
vertical salinity distribution, 11
water masses, 21–24; See also North Atlantic;
South Atlantic
Atmosphere
active species, 184; See also individual radicals
aerosols and, 221–225
carbon-14 decay, 38–40
carbon dioxide levels, 259
carbon monoxide in, 188–189
chlorofluorocarbons, 42–45
composition, 189–192, 227–229
dimethylsulfide distribution, 220
dust aerosols, 106, 221, 223
element fallout, 98
gases
major, 189–190, 227
minor, 189–190, 227
trace, 198–207
hydroxyl radicals in, 185–189, 192–193
layers of, 183
light scattering, 381–382
methane, sources, 206
nitrogen gases, 192–198
nitrous oxide in, 193–196
organic matter inputs, 407–408
ozone depletion, 183, 210–218
ozone reactions, 184–189, 192–196
reactive nitrogen species, 192–198
–sea exchange. See Air–sea interface
sulfur compounds, 219–221
sulfur dioxide in, 196–197
temperature changes, 183–184
tritium decay, 40–42
water vapor in, 227
Atomic number, and residence times, 99–100
Atomic weights, elements, 533–535
ATP (adenosine triphosphate), 340, 367, 369
Autochthonous carbon, 407
B
Bacteria
chemoautotrophic, 441
chemolithotrophic, 441, 443
chemosynthesis, 441, 443
manganese-oxidizing, 466
nitrification, 348
nitrogen fixation, 347–348
photoautolithotrophic, 441, 443
sulfate-reducing, 87, 490
Baffin Land Bay Current, 33
Bahamas Banks, 81, 306
Baltic Sea estuary
anoxic waters, 455
dissolved constituents, 71–77
permanent halocline, 460
Bar build estuary, 36
Barium (Ba), 102
Barometric pressure, and gas solubility, 238–241
Basalt, 444
Bases, 268
Bay of Bengal, 31
Benguela Current, 20
Bering Strait, 33
Bermuda Atlantic Time Series (BATS) station
N:P ratio, 356
nitrate profiles, 349, 374
pCO 2 profiles, 284
Bicarbonate
measuring, 65
rock origins, 125
Bioadsorption, metals, 111–112
Bioconcentration
metals, 111
trace elements, 109–113
Biogenous sediments, 4
Biological oceanography, 1
Biological pump, 259, 285
Biomass
estimating with remote sensing techniques,
380–382
microorganisms, 404–405
phytoplankton, 369, 370
Biosphere
carbon storage, 260
and trace elements, 110
Bjerrum theory, 130, 154, 161–166, 268–269
Black Sea
anoxic waters, 459–466
area of, 459
carbonate system, 465
density, 460
dissolved solutes, 84
hydrogen sulfide, 460–466, 493, 497, 501
nutrients, 460–466
oxic-anoxic interface, 460–461
phosphate:hydrogen sulfide ratio, 493
rare earth series metals, 463, 465
redox reactions, 108