548
Index
Anammox process, 347
Anions; See also Ions
affinity of organisms for, 110
hydration numbers, 150–151
hydration thermodynamics, 141–145
Anoxia, defined, 453
Anoxic basins
examples of, 455
formation of, 454–455
types of, 454
Anoxic waters
Black Sea, 459–466
Cariaco Trench, 466–477
denitrification, 348, 456–459
dissolved solutes, 84
Framvaren Fjord, 478–495
hydrogen sulfide oxidation, 458–459,
465–466, 472–473, 501–502
metal distribution, 108, 462–465
nitrate reduction, 462
oxic–anoxic interface depth, 461
oxygen depletion process, 455–459
sulfate reduction, 465–466, 473
total alkalinity, 275
Antarctic
bottom water, 26, 29
deep water, 26
dissolved oxygen profiles, 244
and ozone layer, 212–218
Antarctic circumpolar current (ACC), 399
Antarctic convergence, 25, 26, 29
Antarctic intermediate water (AAIW), 22, 25, 26,
29, 32, 364
Antarctic polar front (APF), 399
Antarctic polar frontal zone (APFZ), 399
Antarctic zone, 25, 26
Anthracene, 429
Antilles Current, 18
AOU. See Apparent oxygen utilization
Apparent molal property, 176–180
Apparent oxygen utilization (AOU)
carbonate system in deep waters, 279–280
and compensation depth, 377
determining, 247
nitrate as tracer, 362–365
and nitrogen oxide, 350, 352
and oxygen utilization rates (OURs),
373–374
Arabian Sea, 31, 349–350
Aragonite
dissolution rates, 303, 306
lysocline, 301–307
precipitation
in lagoon waters, 78–81
in ocean water, 78, 81, 306
saturation profiles, 296, 306, 313
solubility, 78–81, 272–273, 296
Arctic Sea
basins, 33–34
bottom water, 34
deep water, 34
intermediate waters, 22, 29
sill depth, 33
surface water circulation, 32–35
T-S diagram, 33–34
water masses of, 33–34
Argon (Ar)
saturation anomalies, 241
solubility, 239
supersaturation, 230
Aromatic hydrocarbons, 419
Arrhenius theory, 130
Arsenic (As), 106
Arsenic-molybdenum complexes, 360
Ascorbic acid, 376
Atlantic Ocean
aerosol inputs to, 106, 221, 223
calcite/aragonite saturation profiles, 296
carbon dioxide storage, 310–314
14 C/C ratio, 40
central waters, 21–22
deep waters, source, 22
dissolved organic carbon (DOC), 412
dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), 353–354
dissolved oxygen profiles, 243
dust inputs, 106, 221, 223
gyres, 18
lysocline, 303
metals distribution, 108
N:P ratio, 355–356
nitrate profiles, 348–349
pCO 2 , 283, 285–286
percent of world ocean, 2
phosphorus profiles, 341–342
Redfield ratio, 358–359
salinity sections, 11–13
sigma-T profiles, 15
silica profiles, 360, 362
subarctic waters, 29
surface water
circulation, 18–24
pH, 286–288
temperature sections, 8–11
total alkalinity (TA), 288–291
Index
Anammox process, 347
Anions; See also Ions
affinity of organisms for, 110
hydration numbers, 150–151
hydration thermodynamics, 141–145
Anoxia, defined, 453
Anoxic basins
examples of, 455
formation of, 454–455
types of, 454
Anoxic waters
Black Sea, 459–466
Cariaco Trench, 466–477
denitrification, 348, 456–459
dissolved solutes, 84
Framvaren Fjord, 478–495
hydrogen sulfide oxidation, 458–459,
465–466, 472–473, 501–502
metal distribution, 108, 462–465
nitrate reduction, 462
oxic–anoxic interface depth, 461
oxygen depletion process, 455–459
sulfate reduction, 465–466, 473
total alkalinity, 275
Antarctic
bottom water, 26, 29
deep water, 26
dissolved oxygen profiles, 244
and ozone layer, 212–218
Antarctic circumpolar current (ACC), 399
Antarctic convergence, 25, 26, 29
Antarctic intermediate water (AAIW), 22, 25, 26,
29, 32, 364
Antarctic polar front (APF), 399
Antarctic polar frontal zone (APFZ), 399
Antarctic zone, 25, 26
Anthracene, 429
Antilles Current, 18
AOU. See Apparent oxygen utilization
Apparent molal property, 176–180
Apparent oxygen utilization (AOU)
carbonate system in deep waters, 279–280
and compensation depth, 377
determining, 247
nitrate as tracer, 362–365
and nitrogen oxide, 350, 352
and oxygen utilization rates (OURs),
373–374
Arabian Sea, 31, 349–350
Aragonite
dissolution rates, 303, 306
lysocline, 301–307
precipitation
in lagoon waters, 78–81
in ocean water, 78, 81, 306
saturation profiles, 296, 306, 313
solubility, 78–81, 272–273, 296
Arctic Sea
basins, 33–34
bottom water, 34
deep water, 34
intermediate waters, 22, 29
sill depth, 33
surface water circulation, 32–35
T-S diagram, 33–34
water masses of, 33–34
Argon (Ar)
saturation anomalies, 241
solubility, 239
supersaturation, 230
Aromatic hydrocarbons, 419
Arrhenius theory, 130
Arsenic (As), 106
Arsenic-molybdenum complexes, 360
Ascorbic acid, 376
Atlantic Ocean
aerosol inputs to, 106, 221, 223
calcite/aragonite saturation profiles, 296
carbon dioxide storage, 310–314
14 C/C ratio, 40
central waters, 21–22
deep waters, source, 22
dissolved organic carbon (DOC), 412
dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), 353–354
dissolved oxygen profiles, 243
dust inputs, 106, 221, 223
gyres, 18
lysocline, 303
metals distribution, 108
N:P ratio, 355–356
nitrate profiles, 348–349
pCO 2 , 283, 285–286
percent of world ocean, 2
phosphorus profiles, 341–342
Redfield ratio, 358–359
salinity sections, 11–13
sigma-T profiles, 15
silica profiles, 360, 362
subarctic waters, 29
surface water
circulation, 18–24
pH, 286–288
temperature sections, 8–11
total alkalinity (TA), 288–291