170
Chemical Oceanography, 4th Edition
Table 4.10 (continued)
The Fraction of Free Metals and the Dominant Forms in Fresh and Seawater
Cation
Free
OH
F
Cl
SO 4
CO 3
Log α
Sn 4+
a
100
—
—
—
—
32.05
Tb 3+
16
11
1
8
9
55
0.80
Th 4+
a
100
a
a
a
a
0.80
TiO 2+b
a
100
—
—
a
—
11.14
Tl+
53
a
a
45
2
—
0.28
Tl 3+
a
100
—
a
a
—
20.49
Tm 3+
11
21
1
5
6
55
0.94
U 4+
a
100
a
a
a
—
23.65
UO 2
2+b
a
a
a
a
a
100
6.83
Y 3+
15
14
3
7
6
54
0.81
Yb 3+
5
9
1
2
3
81
1.30
Zn 2+
46
12
a
35
4
3
0.34
Zr 4+
a
100
a
a
a
—
23.96
Freshwater at pH = 9
Ag+
65
a
a
25
a
9
0.18
Al 3+
a
100
a
—
—
a
12.95
Au+
a
—
—
100
—
—
6.07
Au 3+b
a
100
—
a
—
—
30.93
Ba 2+
96
a
a
a
1
3
0.02
Be 2+
a
100
a
a
a
a
4.47
Bi 3+
a
100
a
a
a
—
18.01
Cd 2+
47
4
a
1
1
47
0.33
Ce 3+
a
5
a
a
a
95
2.37
Co 2+
20
7
a
a
a
73
0.70
Cr 3+
a
100
a
a
a
—
9.08
Ca 2+
100
—
—
a
—
—
0.00
Cu+
95
—
—
5
—
—
0.02
Cu 2+
a
3
a
a
a
96
2.62
Dy 3+
a
46
a
a
a
54
3.01
Er 3+
a
78
a
a
a
22
3.54
Eu 3+
a
18
a
a
a
82
2.48
Fe 2+
27
8
a
a
a
65
0.57
Fe 3+
a
100
a
a
a
a
14.99
Ga 3+
a
100
a
a
—
a
19.31
Gd 3+
a
14
a
a
a
86
2.92
Hf 4+
a
100
a
a
a
—
27.61
Hg 2+
a
100
a
a
a
a
11.79
Ho 3+
a
48
a
a
a
52
3.08
In 3+
a
100
a
a
a
a
14.57
La 3+
2
10
a
a
a
88
1.78
Li+
100
a
—
—
a
—
0.00
Lu 3+
a
92
a
a
a
8
4.21
Mn 2+
62
1
a
a
1
35
0.20
Nd 3+
a
9
a
a
a
90
2.33