169
Ionic Interactions
Table 4.10 (continued)
The Fraction of Free Metals and the Dominant Forms in Fresh and Seawater
Cation
Free
OH
F
Cl
SO 4
CO 3
Log α
U 4+
a
100
a
a
a
—
14.02
UO 2
2+b
12
18
8
a
1
60
0.91
Y 3+
63
1
17
a
14
4
0.20
Yb 3+
58
1
7
a
17
17
0.24
Zn 2+
98
a
a
a
2
a
0.01
Zr 4 +
a
100
a
a
a
—
14.33
Seawater at pH = 8.2
Ag +
a
a
a
100
a
a
5.26
Al 3+
a
100
a
—
—
a
9.22
Au +
a
—
—
100
—
—
12.86
Au 3+
a
100
a
9
5
a
27.30
Ba 2+
86
a
a
9
5
a
0.07
Be 2+
a
99
2
a
a
a
2.74
Bi 3+
a
100
a
a
a
—
14.79
Cd 2+
3
a
a
97
a
a
1.57
Ce 3+
21
5
1
12
10
51
0.68
Co 2+
58
1
a
30
5
6
0.24
Cr 3+
a
100
a
a
a
—
5.82
Ca 2+
93
—
—
7
—
—
0.03
Cu+
a
—
—
100
—
—
5.18
Cu 2+
9
8
a
3
1
79
1.03
Dy 3+
11
8
1
5
6
68
0.94
Er 3+
8
12
1
4
4
70
1.08
Eu 3+
18
13
1
10
9
50
0.74
Fe 2+
69
2
a
20
4
5
0.16
Fe 3+
a
100
a
a
a
a
11.98
Ga 3+
a
100
a
a
—
a
15.35
Gd 3+
9
5
1
4
6
74
1.02
Hf 4+
a
100
a
a
a
—
22.77
Hg 2+
a
a
a
100
a
a
14.24
Ho 3+
10
8
1
5
5
70
0.99
In 3+
a
100
a
a
a
a
11.48
La 3+
38
5
1
18
16
22
0.42
Li 3+
99
a
—
—
1
—
0.00
Lu 3+
5
21
1
1
1
71
1.32
Mn 2+
58
a
a
37
4
1
0.23
Nd 3+
22
8
1
19
12
 45
0.66
Ni 2+
47
1
a
34
4
14
0.33
Pb 2+
3
9
a
47
1
41
1.51
Pr 3+
25
8
1
12
13
41
0.61
Rb+
95
—
—
5
—
—
0.02
Sc 3+
a
100
a
a
a
a
7.41
Sm 3+
18
10
1
8
11
52
0.75
continued