153
Ionic Interactions
4.5 Ion–Ion Interactions
Now that we have a reasonable understanding of the structure of an ion in solution at infinite dilution, we can consider what happens as the concentration is increased. To obtain an
understanding of these ion–ion interactions experimentally, the activity coefficient as well
as its pressure (V – V o ) and temperature (H – H o ) dependence are studied. By studying the
thermodynamic properties of two- ion systems (M + , X – ), one can obtain an understanding
of plus–minus interactions, and by studying three- ion systems (M + , N + , X – or M + , X – , Y – ), one
Figure 4.22
The dodecahedra structure of a methane hydrate cluster with 21 water molecules. (Data from Zwier, T.S., Science
304, 1119, 2004. With permission.)
Figure 4.23
Possible structures of the hydrated proton on the surface or interior of a cluster of 21 water molecules. (Data from
Zwier, T.S., Science 304, 1119, 2004. With permission.)
Ionic Interactions
4.5 Ion–Ion Interactions
Now that we have a reasonable understanding of the structure of an ion in solution at infinite dilution, we can consider what happens as the concentration is increased. To obtain an
understanding of these ion–ion interactions experimentally, the activity coefficient as well
as its pressure (V – V o ) and temperature (H – H o ) dependence are studied. By studying the
thermodynamic properties of two- ion systems (M + , X – ), one can obtain an understanding
of plus–minus interactions, and by studying three- ion systems (M + , N + , X – or M + , X – , Y – ), one
Figure 4.22
The dodecahedra structure of a methane hydrate cluster with 21 water molecules. (Data from Zwier, T.S., Science
304, 1119, 2004. With permission.)
Figure 4.23
Possible structures of the hydrated proton on the surface or interior of a cluster of 21 water molecules. (Data from
Zwier, T.S., Science 304, 1119, 2004. With permission.)