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wind-driven ocean currents. Trans. Amer.
Geophys. Union 29, 202–206. [2.1, 4.2, 7.4]
Stommel, H., 1955: Direct measurements of
sub-surface currents. Deep-Sea Res. 2, 284–
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Stommel, H., 1957: A survey of ocean current
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Stommel, H., 1958: The abyssal circulation. Letter to
the editors. Deep-Sea Res. 5, 80–82. [4.2, 4.5]
Stommel, H., 1961: Thermohaline Convection
with Two Stable Regimes of Flow. Tellus 13, 224–
230. [5.6]
Stommel, H., 1965: The Gulf Stream, 2nd edn.
University of California Press, Berkeley, 248
pp. [4.2]
Stommel, H., 1979: Determination of watermass properties of water pumped down from
the Ekman layer to the geostrophic flow below.
Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. US. 76, 3051–3055. [5.3,
5.4, 7.3]
Stommel, H., 1982: Is the South Pacific helium-3
plume dynamically active? Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.
61, 63–67. [4.3]
Stommel, H., 1989: The Slocum Mission. Oceanogr.
3, 22–25. [3.2]
Stommel, H. and A. B. Arons, 1960a: On the abyssal
circulation of the world ocean. I. Stationary planetary flow patterns on a sphere. Deep-Sea Res. 6,
140–154. [1.2, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.6, 5.2]
Stommel, H. and A. B. Arons, 1960b: On the abyssal
circulation of the world ocean. II. An idealized
model of the circulation pattern and amplitude in
oceanic basins. Deep-Sea Res. 6, 217–233. [1.2,
4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 5.2, 5.8]
Stommel, H. M. and G. T. Csanady, 1980: A relation
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495–501. [6.2]
Stommel, H. and F. Schott, 1977: The beta spiral and
the determination of the absolute velocity field
from hydrographic station data. Deep-Sea Res.
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Stommel, H., H. L. Bryden and P. Mangelsdorf, 1973:
Does some of the Mediterranean outflow come
from great depth? Pure and Applied Geophysics
105, 879–889. [5.7]
Stone, P., 1972: A simplified radiative-dynamical
model for the static stability of the rotating atmosphere. J. Atmos. Sci. 29, 405–418. [3.3, 4.6]
Stouffer, R. J. and K. W. Dixon, 1998: Initialization
of coupled models for use in climate studies: A
review. In: Research Activities in Atmospheric and
Oceanic Modelling Report No. 27, World
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Stramma, L. and F. Schott, 1996: Western equatorial
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Warmwatersphere of the North Atlantic Ocean,
W. Krauss (ed), Gebr. Bornträger, Stuttgart,
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Stramma, L. and F. Schott, 1999: The mean flow
field of the tropical Atlantic Ocean. Deep-Sea Res.
46, 279–303. [4.3]
Stramma, L., J. Fischer and J. Reppin, 1995: The
North Brazil Undercurrent. Deep-Sea Res. 42,
773–795. [4.3]
Straub, D. N., 1993: On the transport and angular
momentum balance of channel models of the
Antarctic Circumpolar Current. J. Phys.
Oceanogr. 23, 776 – 782. [4.6]
Strub, P. T., T. K. Chereskin, P. P. Niiler, C. James
and M. D. Levine, 1997: Altimeter-derived variability of surface velocities in the California
Current system; 1. Evaluation of Topex altimeter
velocity resolution. J. Geophys. Res. 102,
12727–12748. [1.2, 3.3, 4.1]
Stuiver, M., P. D. Quay and H. G. Ostlund, 1983:
Abyssal water carbon-14 distribution and the age
of the world oceans. Science 219, 849–851. [5.8]
Sturges, W., B. G. Hong and A. J. Clarke, 1998:
Decadal wind forcing of the North Atlantic
subtropical gyre. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 28, 659–
668. [7.3]
Stutzer, S. and W. Krauss, 1998: Mean circulation
and transport in the South Atlantic: combining
model and drifter data. J. Geophys. Res. 103,
30985–31002. [4.7]
Suga, T. and K. Hanawa, 1990: The mixed-layer climatology in the northwestern part of the North
Pacific subtropical gyre and the formation area of
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543–566. [5.4]
Suga, T. and K. Hanawa, 1995a: Subtropical Mode
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Suga, T. and K. Hanawa, 1995b: The Subtropical
Mode Water circulation in the North Pacific.
J. Phys. Oceanogr. 25, 958–970. [5.4]
Suga, T. and K. Hanawa, 1995c: Interannual variations of North Pacific Subtropical Mode Water in
the 137°E section. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 25,
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Suga, T., Y. Takei and K. Hanawa, 1997:
Thermostad distribution in the North Pacific
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wind-driven ocean currents. Trans. Amer.
Geophys. Union 29, 202–206. [2.1, 4.2, 7.4]
Stommel, H., 1955: Direct measurements of
sub-surface currents. Deep-Sea Res. 2, 284–
285. [3.2]
Stommel, H., 1957: A survey of ocean current
theory. Deep-Sea Res. 4, 149–184. [4.6]
Stommel, H., 1958: The abyssal circulation. Letter to
the editors. Deep-Sea Res. 5, 80–82. [4.2, 4.5]
Stommel, H., 1961: Thermohaline Convection
with Two Stable Regimes of Flow. Tellus 13, 224–
230. [5.6]
Stommel, H., 1965: The Gulf Stream, 2nd edn.
University of California Press, Berkeley, 248
pp. [4.2]
Stommel, H., 1979: Determination of watermass properties of water pumped down from
the Ekman layer to the geostrophic flow below.
Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. US. 76, 3051–3055. [5.3,
5.4, 7.3]
Stommel, H., 1982: Is the South Pacific helium-3
plume dynamically active? Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.
61, 63–67. [4.3]
Stommel, H., 1989: The Slocum Mission. Oceanogr.
3, 22–25. [3.2]
Stommel, H. and A. B. Arons, 1960a: On the abyssal
circulation of the world ocean. I. Stationary planetary flow patterns on a sphere. Deep-Sea Res. 6,
140–154. [1.2, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.6, 5.2]
Stommel, H. and A. B. Arons, 1960b: On the abyssal
circulation of the world ocean. II. An idealized
model of the circulation pattern and amplitude in
oceanic basins. Deep-Sea Res. 6, 217–233. [1.2,
4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 5.2, 5.8]
Stommel, H. M. and G. T. Csanady, 1980: A relation
between the TS curve and global heat and atmospheric water transports. J. Geophys. Res. 85,
495–501. [6.2]
Stommel, H. and F. Schott, 1977: The beta spiral and
the determination of the absolute velocity field
from hydrographic station data. Deep-Sea Res.
24, 325–329. [3.2]
Stommel, H., H. L. Bryden and P. Mangelsdorf, 1973:
Does some of the Mediterranean outflow come
from great depth? Pure and Applied Geophysics
105, 879–889. [5.7]
Stone, P., 1972: A simplified radiative-dynamical
model for the static stability of the rotating atmosphere. J. Atmos. Sci. 29, 405–418. [3.3, 4.6]
Stouffer, R. J. and K. W. Dixon, 1998: Initialization
of coupled models for use in climate studies: A
review. In: Research Activities in Atmospheric and
Oceanic Modelling Report No. 27, World
Meteorological Organisation, WMO/TD-No.865,
I.I–I.8. [2.3, 7.4]
Stramma, L. and J. R . E. Lutjeharms, 1997: The
flow field of the subtropical gyre of the South
Indian Ocean. J. Geophys. Res. 102, 5513–
5530. [5.4]
Stramma, L. and F. Schott, 1996: Western equatorial
circulation and interhemispheric exchange. In: The
Warmwatersphere of the North Atlantic Ocean,
W. Krauss (ed), Gebr. Bornträger, Stuttgart,
pp. 195–227. [4.3, 4.7]
Stramma, L. and F. Schott, 1999: The mean flow
field of the tropical Atlantic Ocean. Deep-Sea Res.
46, 279–303. [4.3]
Stramma, L., J. Fischer and J. Reppin, 1995: The
North Brazil Undercurrent. Deep-Sea Res. 42,
773–795. [4.3]
Straub, D. N., 1993: On the transport and angular
momentum balance of channel models of the
Antarctic Circumpolar Current. J. Phys.
Oceanogr. 23, 776 – 782. [4.6]
Strub, P. T., T. K. Chereskin, P. P. Niiler, C. James
and M. D. Levine, 1997: Altimeter-derived variability of surface velocities in the California
Current system; 1. Evaluation of Topex altimeter
velocity resolution. J. Geophys. Res. 102,
12727–12748. [1.2, 3.3, 4.1]
Stuiver, M., P. D. Quay and H. G. Ostlund, 1983:
Abyssal water carbon-14 distribution and the age
of the world oceans. Science 219, 849–851. [5.8]
Sturges, W., B. G. Hong and A. J. Clarke, 1998:
Decadal wind forcing of the North Atlantic
subtropical gyre. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 28, 659–
668. [7.3]
Stutzer, S. and W. Krauss, 1998: Mean circulation
and transport in the South Atlantic: combining
model and drifter data. J. Geophys. Res. 103,
30985–31002. [4.7]
Suga, T. and K. Hanawa, 1990: The mixed-layer climatology in the northwestern part of the North
Pacific subtropical gyre and the formation area of
Subtropical Mode Water. J. Mar. Res. 48,
543–566. [5.4]
Suga, T. and K. Hanawa, 1995a: Subtropical Mode
Water south of Honshu, Japan in the spring of
1988 and 1989. J. Oceanogr. 51, 1–19. [5.4]
Suga, T. and K. Hanawa, 1995b: The Subtropical
Mode Water circulation in the North Pacific.
J. Phys. Oceanogr. 25, 958–970. [5.4]
Suga, T. and K. Hanawa, 1995c: Interannual variations of North Pacific Subtropical Mode Water in
the 137°E section. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 25,
1012–1017. [5.4]
Suga, T., K. Hanawa and Y. Toba, 1989: The
Subtropical Mode Water in the 137°E section.
J. Phys. Oceanogr. 19, 1605–1618. [5.4]
Suga, T., Y. Takei and K. Hanawa, 1997:
Thermostad distribution in the North Pacific
REFERENCES
670