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(eds), National Research Council, National
Academy Press, Washington, DC, pp. 274–288.
[5.8]
Schlosser, P., R. Bayer, A. Foldvik, T. Gammelsrød,
G. Rohardt and K. O. Münnich, 1990:
18
O and
helium as tracers of Ice Shelf Water and water/ice
interaction in the Weddell Sea. J. Geophys. Res.
95, 3253–3263. [5.8]
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1991a: Reduction of deepwater formation in the
Greenland Sea during the 1980s: Evidence from
tracer data. Science 251, 1054–1056. [7.3]
Schlosser, P., J. L. Bullister and R. Bayer, 1991b:
Studies of deep water formation and circulation in
the Weddell Sea using natural and anthropogenic
tracers. Mar. Chem. 35, 97–122. [5.8]
Schlosser, P., G. Bönisch, B. Kromer et al., 1995:
Mid 1980s distribution of tritium,
3
He,
14 C and
39 Ar in the Greenland/Norwegian seas and the
Nansen Basin of the Arctic Ocean. Prog.
Oceanogr. 35, 1–28. [5.8]
Schmid, C., G. Siedler and W. Zenk, 2000: Dynamics
of intermediate water circulation in the subtropical
South Atlantic. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 30, 3191–3211.
[5.3]
Schmitt, R. W., 1981: Form of the temperature–salinity relationship in the Central Water: evidence for
double-diffusive mixing. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 11,
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Schmitt, R. W., 1988: Mixing in a thermohaline
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348, 211–219. [6.3]
Sarmiento, J. L., T. M . C. Hughes, R. J. Stouffer and
S. Manabe, 1998: Stimulated response of the
ocean carbon cycle to anthropogenic climate
warming. Nature 393, 245–249. [1.1, 1.2]
Sato, O. T., P. S. Polito and W. T. Liu, 2000:
Importance of salinity measurements in the heat
storage estimation from TOPEX/POSEIDON.
Geophys. Res. Lett. 27, 549–551. [3.3]
Saunders, P. M., 1987: Flow through Discovery Gap.
J. Phys. Oceanogr. 17, 631–643. [4.5, 5.2, 5.6]
Saunders, P. M., 1990: Cold outflow from the
Faroe Bank Channel. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 20,
29–43. [5.6]
Saunders, P. M., 1994: The flux of overflow water
through the Charlie-Gibbs Fracture Zone.
J. Geophys. Res. 99, 12343–12355. [4.5, 5.6]
Saunders, P. M., 1996: The flux of dense cold water
overflow southeast of Iceland. J. Phys. Oceanogr.
26, 85–95. [4.5, 5.6]
Saunders, P. M. and W. J. Gould, 1988: CTD data
from RRS Challenger cruise 15/87 around the
Faroe Islands. Inst. Oceanogr. Sci., Deacon Lab.,
Report No. 256, 79 pp. [5.6]
Saunders, P. M. and B. A. King, 1995a: Bottom currents derived from a shipborne ADCP on WOCE
cruise A11 in the South Atlantic. J. Phys.
Oceanogr. 25, 329–347. [3.1]
Saunders, P. M. and B. A. King, 1995b: Oceanic
fluxes on the WOCE A11 section. J. Phys.
Oceanogr. 25, 1942–1958. [2.3, 3.1, 4.2, 4.6, 4.7,
6.1, 6.2]
Saunders, P. M., A. C. Coward and B. A. de Cuevas,
1999: Circulation of the Pacific Ocean seen in a
global ocean model: Ocean Circulation and
Climate Advanced Modelling project (OCCAM). J.
Geophys. Res. 104, 18281–18299. [2.2, 4.1, 6.1]
Sausen, R., K. Barthel and K. Hasselmann, 1988:
Coupled ocean–atmosphere models with flux correction. Climate Dyn. 2, 145–163. [2.3]
Schiller, A., 1995: The mean circulation north of
30°S determined with the adjoint method applied
to an ocean general circulation model. J. Mar.
Res. 53, 453–497. [7.2]
Schiller, A., J. S. Godfrey, P. C. McIntosh, G. Meyers
and S. E. Wijffels, 1998: Seasonal near-surface
dynamics and thermodynamics of the Indian
Ocean and Indonesian Throughflow in a global
ocean general circulation model. J. Phys.
Oceanogr. 28, 2288–2312. [4.7]
Schimel, D., D. Alves, I. Enting et al., 1996: CO 2 and
the carbon cycle. In: Climate Change 1995: The
Science of Climate Change: Contribution of WG I
to the Second Assessment Report of the IPCC,
J. T. Houghton et al. (eds), Cambridge University
Press, Cambridge, pp. 65–86. [6.3]
Schlesinger, M. E., W. L. Gates and Y. J. Han, 1985:
The role of the ocean in CO 2 -induced climate
warming: Preliminary results from the OSU
coupled atmosphere–ocean GCM. In: Coupled
Ocean–Atmosphere Models, J. C . J. Nihoul (ed.),
Elsevier, pp. 447–478. [2.2]
Schlitzer, R., 1995: An adjoint model for the determination of the mean oceanic circulation, air–sea
fluxes and mixing coefficients. Berichte zur
Polarforschung 156, 103 pp. [7.1]
Schlitzer, R., 1996: Mass and heat transports in the
South Atlantic derived from historical hydrographic data. In: The South Atlantic: Present
and Past Circulation, G. Wefer, W. H. Berger,
G. Siedler and D. J. Webb (eds), Springer-Verlag,
Berlin, pp. 305–323. [4.7]
Schlosser, P., 1986: Helium: a new tracer in Antarctic
oceanography. Nature 321, 233–235. [5.8]
Schlosser, P. and W. M. Smethie, Jr., 1995: Transient
tracers as a tool to study variability of ocean circulation. In: Natural Climate Variability on Decadeto-Century Time Scales, D. G. Martinson et al.
(eds), National Research Council, National
Academy Press, Washington, DC, pp. 274–288.
[5.8]
Schlosser, P., R. Bayer, A. Foldvik, T. Gammelsrød,
G. Rohardt and K. O. Münnich, 1990:
18
O and
helium as tracers of Ice Shelf Water and water/ice
interaction in the Weddell Sea. J. Geophys. Res.
95, 3253–3263. [5.8]
Schlosser, P., G. Bönisch, M. Rhein and R. Bayer,
1991a: Reduction of deepwater formation in the
Greenland Sea during the 1980s: Evidence from
tracer data. Science 251, 1054–1056. [7.3]
Schlosser, P., J. L. Bullister and R. Bayer, 1991b:
Studies of deep water formation and circulation in
the Weddell Sea using natural and anthropogenic
tracers. Mar. Chem. 35, 97–122. [5.8]
Schlosser, P., G. Bönisch, B. Kromer et al., 1995:
Mid 1980s distribution of tritium,
3
He,
14 C and
39 Ar in the Greenland/Norwegian seas and the
Nansen Basin of the Arctic Ocean. Prog.
Oceanogr. 35, 1–28. [5.8]
Schmid, C., G. Siedler and W. Zenk, 2000: Dynamics
of intermediate water circulation in the subtropical
South Atlantic. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 30, 3191–3211.
[5.3]
Schmitt, R. W., 1981: Form of the temperature–salinity relationship in the Central Water: evidence for
double-diffusive mixing. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 11,
1015–1026. [5.2]
Schmitt, R. W., 1988: Mixing in a thermohaline
staircase. In: Small-Scale Turbulence and Mixing
REFERENCES
664