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meddy Sharon. In: Small-Scale Turbulence and
Mixing in the Ocean, J. C . J. Nihoul and B. M.
Jamart
(eds),
Elsevier
Science
Publs.,
pp. 249–261. [5.2]
Ruddick, B., D. Walsh and N. Oakey, 1997:
Variations in apparent mixing efficiency in the
North Atlantic Central Water. J. Phys. Oceanogr.
27, 2589–2605. [5.2]
Rudels, B., 1995: The thermohaline circulation of the
Arctic Ocean and the Greenland Sea. Phil. Trans.
Roy. Soc. Lond. A 352, 287–299. [7.3]
Rudels, B. and D. Quadfasel, 1991: Convection and
deep water formation in the Arctic Ocean–
Greenland Sea system. J. Mar. Sys. 2(3/4), 435–
450. [1.2, 7.3]
Rudels, B., D. Quadfasel, H. Friedrich and M. -N.
Houssais, 1989: Greenland Sea convection in the
winter of 1987–1988. J. Geophys. Res. 94,
3223–3227. [1.2]
Rudels, B., E. Jones, L. Anderson and G. Kattner,
1994: On the intermediate depth waters of the
Arctic Ocean. In: The Polar Oceans and their
Role in Shaping the Global Environment,
O. M.
Johannessen,
R. D.
Muench
and
J. E. Overland (eds), American Geophysical Union,
Washington, DC, pp. 5–20. [4.7]
Rudels, B., L. Anderson and E. Jones, 1996:
Formation and evolution of the surface mixed
layer and halocline of the Arctic Ocean.
J. Geophys. Res. 101, 8807–8821. [4.7]
Rudnick, D. L., 1997: Direct velocity measurements
in the Samoan Passage. J. Geophys. Res., 102,
3293–3302. [4.5]
Rudnick, D. L. and R. Ferrari, 1999: Compensation of
horizontal temperature and salinity gradients in the
ocean mixed layer. Science 283, 526–529. [5.2, 5.5]
Rumford, B., Count of, 1800: Essay VII, The propagation of heat in fluids. In: Essays, Political,
Economical, and Philosphical, A New Edition,
T. Cadell, Jr. and W. Davies (eds), London, pp.
197–386. [4.4]
Rüth, C., R. Well and W. Roether, 2000: Primordial
3
He in South Atlantic deep waters from sources on
the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Deep-Sea Res. 47,
1059–1075. [4.5]
Sabine, C. L. and R. M. Key, 1997: Surface Water
and Atmospheric Underway Carbon Data
Obtained During the World Ocean Circulation
Experiment Indian Ocean Survey Cruises (R/V
Knorr, December 1994–January 1996). Carbon
Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge
National Laboratory, US Department of Energy,
Oak Ridge, TN, USA, ORNL/CDIAC-103, NDP064, 38 pp. [6.3]
Sabine, C. L., D. W . R. Wallace and F. J. Millero,
1997: Survey of CO 2 in the oceans reveal clues
about global carbon cycle. Eos Trans. Amer.
Geophys. Union. 78, 54–55. [6.3]
Sabine, C. L., R. M. Key, K. M. Johnson et al., 1999:
Anthropogenic CO 2 inventory of the Indian Ocean.
Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles, 13, 179–198. [6.3]
Saji, N. H., B. N. Goswami, P. N. Vinayachandran
and T. Yamagata, 1999: A dipole mode in the
tropical Indian Ocean. Nature 401, 360–363.
[1.2, 4.3, 7.1]
Salmon, R., 1999: The lattice Boltzmann method as a
basis for ocean circulation modeling. J. Mar. Res.
57, 503–535. [7.2]
Salmon, R. and R. Hollerbach, 1991: Similarity solutions of the thermocline equations. J. Mar. Res.
49, 249–280. [2.2]
Samelson, R. M., 1998: Large-scale circulation with
locally enhanced vertical mixing. J. Phys.
Oceanogr. 28, 712–726. [4.2]
Sandström, J. W., 1916: Meteorologische Studien
im schwedischen Hochgebirge. Goteborgs K.
Ventenskaps-och
Vitterhetssamhalles
Handl,
Series 4, 22(2), 48 pp. [5.2]
Sandström, J. W. and B. Helland-Hansen, 1903: Über
die Berechnung von Meereströmungen. Reports
on Norwegian Fishery and Marine Investigations,
Bergen, Vol. 2(4), 43 pp. [3.2]
Saravanan, R., 1998: Atmospheric low-frequency
variability and its relationship to midlatitude SST
variability: studies using the NCAR Climate
System Model. J. Climate 11, 1386–1404. [2.3]
Saravanan, R., G. Danabasoglu, S. C. Doney and
J. C. McWilliams, 2000: Decadal variability and
predictability in the midlatitude ocean–atmosphere system. J. Climate 13, 1073–1097. [2.3]
Sarmiento, J. L., 1983: A tritium box model of the
North Atlantic thermocline. J. Phys. Oceanogr.
13, 1269–1274. [5.3, 5.4]
Sarmiento, J. L., 1986: On The North and Tropical
Atlantic heat balance. J. Geophys. Res. 91,
641–657. [2.2]
Sarmiento, J. L. and E. T. Sundquist, 1992: Revised
budget for the oceanic uptake of anthropogenic
carbon-dioxide. Nature 356, 589–593. [6.3]
Sarmiento, J. L., C. G . H. Rooth and W. Roether,
1982: The North Atlantic tritium distribution
in 1972. J. Geophys. Res. 87, 8047–8056. [4.4,
5.4]
Sarmiento, J. L., J. C. Orr and U. Siegenthaler, 1992:
A perturbation simulation of CO 2 uptake in an
ocean general circulation model. J. Geophys. Res.
97, 3621–3636. [6.3]
Sarmiento, J. L., R. Murnane and C. le Quéré, 1995:
Air–sea CO 2 transfer and the carbon budget of the
REFERENCES
663